Eye Signs, Symptoms, and Diseases

1. Eye Signs, Symptoms, and Diseases

2. achromatopsia Achromatopsia is a condition that leads to the inability to see color. About one in 30,000 people in the United States are affected with achromatopsia. This condition is much rarer than other forms of color blindness, such as red-green color blindness and X-linked color blindness. Achromatopsia may either be acquired due to damage to the cerebral cortex of the brain (acquired achromatopsia), or it may be inherited due to mutations in specific genes (congenital achromatopsia). Normally, color is sensed by cone cells in the retina of the eye. In congenital achromatopsia (a form of achromatopsia that is present at birth), the cone cells no longer function properly

3. astigmatism • Astigmatism is a common, mild and easily treatable imperfection in the curvature of your eye. The condition can cause blurred vision. • Astigmatism occurs when the front surface of your eye (cornea) or the lens, inside your eye, has a slightly different surface curvature in one direction from the other. Instead of being even and smooth in all directions, the surface may have some areas that are flatter or steeper. • Astigmatism blurs your vision at all distances. Astigmatism is often present at birth and may occur in combination with nearsightedness or farsightedness. Often it's not pronounced enough to require corrective action. When it is, your treatment options include corrective lenses and surgery.

4. cataract • A cataract is a clouding of the lens in your eye. It affects your vision. Cataracts are very common in older people.

5. Conjunctivitis • Pink eye (conjunctivitis) is an inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that lines your eyelid and part of your eyeball. Inflammation causes small blood vessels in the conjunctiva to become more prominent, which is what causes the pink or red cast to the whites of your eyes. • The cause of pink eye is commonly a bacterial or viral infection, an allergic reaction or — in babies — an incompletely opened tear duct.

6. diabetic retinopathy • Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that results from damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina). At first, diabetic retinopathy may cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems. Eventually, however, diabetic retinopathy can result in blindness.

7. Glaucoma • Glaucoma is not just one eye disease, but a group of eye conditions resulting in optic nerve damage, which causes loss of vision. Abnormally high pressure inside your eye (intraocular pressure) usually, but not always, causes this damage. • Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness. Sometimes called the silent thief of sight, glaucoma can damage your vision so gradually you may not notice any loss of vision until the disease is at an advanced stage. The most common type of glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, has no noticeable signs or symptoms except gradual vision loss.

8. open angle glaucoma • Is painless but destroys peripheral vision, causing tunnel vision

9. closed angle • Acute narrow-angle glaucoma occurs suddenly, when the colored portion of your eye (iris) is pushed or pulled forward. This causes blockage of the drainage angle of the eye, where the trabecular meshwork allows outflow of fluids.

10. hordeolum • An external syt or hordeolum is an infection of the sebaceous glands of Zeisat the base of the eyelashes, or an infection of the apocrine sweat glands of Moll. External styes form on the outside of the lids and can be seen as small red bumps

11. macular degeneration • Age-related macular degeneration is a disease that causes blurring of your central vision. The blurring happens because of damage to the macula, a small area at the back of the eye . The macula helps you see the fine detail in things that your eyes are focusing on. • Macular degeneration makes it harder to do things that require sharp central vision, like reading, driving, and recognizing faces. It does not affect side vision, so it does not lead to complete blindness.

12. photophobia • Photophobia is a symptom of excessive sensitivity to light and the aversion to sunlight or well-lit places. In ordinary medical terms photophobia is not a morbid fear or phobia, but an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure. • Light sensitivity is usually due to too much light entering the eye, which causes over stimulation of the photoreceptors in the retina and subsequent excessive electric impulses to the optic nerve. This leads to a reflex aversion to light, and discomfort or pain.

13. retinal detachment • Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized, but without rapid treatment the entire retina may detach, leading to vision loss and blindness. It is a medical emergency. • The retina is a thin layer of light sensitive tissue on the back wall of the eye. The optical system of the eye focuses light on the retina much like light is focused on the film in a camera. The retina translates that focused image into neural impulses and sends them to the brain via the optic nerve.

14. strabismus • Strabismus is a disorder in which the eyes do not line up in the same direction when focusing. The condition is more commonly known as "crossed eyes."

15. esotropia • Esotropia is a form of strabismus, or "squint", in which one or both eyes turns inward. The condition can be constantly present, or occur intermittently, and can give the affected individual a "cross-eyed" appearance. Esotropia is sometimes erroneously called "lazy eye"

16. exotropia • Exotropia (from Greek meaning "to exit" or "move out of" and τρὀπειν "tropein" meaning "to turn") is a form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward. It is the opposite of esotropia.

17. Ear Signs, Symptoms, and Diseases

18. acoustic neuroma • An acoustic neuroma is a noncancerous (benign), often slow-growing tumor of the nerve that connects the ear to the brain. It is located behind the ear right under the brain.

19. hearing loss • Gradual hearing loss that occurs as you age (presbycusis) is common. According to the National Institutes of Health, an estimated one-third of Americans between the ages of 65 and 75 and close to one-half of those older than 75 have some degree of hearing loss. • Doctors believe that heredity and chronic exposure to loud noises are the main factors that contribute to hearing loss over time. Other factors, such as earwax blockage, can prevent your ears from conducting sounds as well as they should. • You can't reverse hearing loss. However, you don't have to live in a world of quieter, less distinct sounds. You and your doctor or hearing specialist can take steps to improve what you hear.

20. anacusis (hearing loss) • Complete hearing loss

21. conductive (hearing loss)hearing loss due to an impairment in the transmission of sound because of an obstruction of the middle ear canal or damage to the ear drum or ossicles

22. Meniere disease • Meniere's disease can cause severe dizziness, a roaring sound in your ears called tinnitus, hearing loss that comes and goes and the feeling of ear pressure or pain. It usually affects just one ear. It is a common cause of hearing loss. • Scientists don't yet know the cause. They think that it has to do with the fluid levels or the mixing of fluids in the canals of your inner ear. Symptoms occur suddenly and can happen as often as every day or as seldom as once a year. An attack can be a combination of severe dizziness or vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss lasting several hours.

23. otitis media (OM) • An ear infection is an inflammation of the middle ear, usually caused by bacteria, that occurs when fluid builds up behind the eardrum. Anyone can get an ear infection, but children get them more often than adults. Commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI)

24. (OM) serous • Noninfectious inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of serum (clear fluid)

25. (OM) suppurative • Imflammation of the middle ear with put formation.

26. otosclerosis • Progessive deafness due to ossification in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear.

27. presbycusis • Hearing loss from aging!