COUNTRY REPORT Situation of Postharvest Technology for Fresh Product in Thailand

1. COUNTRY REPORTSituation of Postharvest Technology for Fresh Product in Thailand Ms.ChulapornNoksakulMr.NaruthepWechpibal Ministry of Agricultural and Cooperatives Thailand

2. Introduction • Thailand is a warm and humid tropical country. • Agricultural area is 41% of total land area. • Temperature 25°C - 37°C • Humidity 80 - 85% • Agricultural commodities • Field crop • Horticultural crop • Fruit crop • Vegetables

3. Agricultural Production Area in Thailand

4. Percentage of crop production area in four regions of Thailand in 2011

5. Major Fruit Crops Longan Durian Mango Mangosteen Lychee Rambutan

7. Vegetable production in Thailand increased by 69% • which is greater than the production of fruits 38% • In Thailand vegetable is grown both upland • and irrigated land • Area of production is approx. 0.45 million ha • total production 5.35 million tons. • Vegetable can yield as high as 10-30 ton/ha. • Kinds of vegetable are: • Chinese cabbage, tomato ,chili, • potato, shallot sweet pepper, • basil leaf, kale, lettuce, • ginger, cucumber, yard long bean

8. Vegetables of Thailand

9. Packaging • On farm packing • Packing house • Researches on packaging materials

10. Packaging of Fresh Fruits • Cushioned foam net • Cushioned plastic bag • Plastic band • Plastic net

11. Packaging of Vegetables • Plastic wrap • Plastic bag • Plastic band • Plastic box • Plastic bag

12. Major Reasons of Postharvest losses in Thailand • Physiological factor • Biological factor • - Diseases • - Insects • Physical factor • Others

13. Losses due to Physiological factor Inferior fruit quality due to immature fruit such as durian Uneven ripening Water loss Fruit cracking Fruit browning, chilling injury Bruised and soft fruit

14. Losses due to Biological Factors • Animal : Rodents, Bird, Monkey, and large animals • Diseases: Fungi, Bacteria, Virus ( Decay and skin blemishes, rotten) • Insect : fruit fly

15. Losses due to Physical factors • Inappropriate packaging • Poor temperature and humidity control • Excessive pooling or trimming • Improper atmosphere in confine storage • Poor harvesting practice • Poor transportation

16. Others factor • Low prices on the local market • Lack of knowledge and technology transfer • Loss of cooperation among the stakeholders in quality management system.

17. Post-Harvest and Products Processing Research and Development Office Department of Agriculture

18. Post-Harvest and Products Processing Research and Development Office

19. Post-Harvest and Products Processing Research and Development Office

20. Post-Harvest and Products Processing Research and Development Office

21. Research and development on postharvest technology for horticultural produces Carry on research and development to prolong shelf-life of fresh and fresh-cut produces combining with physiology, packaging technology, logistic and supply chain management including non-destructive quality evaluation by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and quality standard establishment for fruits and vegetables

22. Post-Harvest and Products Processing Research and Development Office NIRS HPLC GC

23. Conclusions Thailand is a major fruit and vegetable producer, and plays a key role in providing safe and nutritious foods for both domestic and international markets. Every step of food chain should be controlled to assure quality and to reduce postharvest losses. To achieve good postharvest management system, it needs cooperation among producers, dealers, transporters, and government.

24. Food From Farm to Fork Farm Post-harvest Pre-harvest Harvest Storage Wholesale Consumer Transport Retailer In House Storage

25. Thank you Cooperation High quality And Safety fresh produce