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Community Co-management on forestry resources

Community Co-management on forestry resources. By Xuanyi. Basic information of Yunnan province. 94% of mountain area, big gaps of elevation Eco-environment key area Six main international river through from Yunnan province Abundant of nature resources

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Community Co-management on forestry resources

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  1. Community Co-management on forestry resources By Xuanyi

  2. Basic information of Yunnan province • 94%of mountain area, big gaps of elevation • Eco-environment key area • Six main international river through from Yunnan province • Abundant of nature resources • Multi-biodiversity, multi ethnic gropes and cultures, multi climate • Most of people highly rely to nature resources.

  3. YUEP - Conceptual Model of Linking Natural Resource Uses Natural Forest system Green manure Livestock forage Water Forest loss reduces watersources Fungi Forage cut from forest for pigs Timber Wild plants Pigs feeding in forest Wildlife Fuel-wood Fuel for cooking food for pigs Fuel for drying tea Local use Market Tea most important market product Agro-forestry production system Pigs most frequent choice for loans Agricultural crops Animal husbandry (pigs) Tree crops and tea

  4. Five Basic Principles of Successful Integrated conservation and Development 成功实现保护与发展共同发展的5项基本原则 Practice “responsiveness” 容易得到反响的实践活动 Build trust and a sense of ownership 树立信用和所有权意识 Partnering 合伙 Gender equity 性别平等 Locally driven process 地方性的操纵程序

  5. Five Key Principles for Natural Resources Governance 自然资源管理的5项主要原则 Public information 公共信息 Transparency and accountability in decision-making 决策的透明和合理性 Fair treatment of social concerns 公平对待社会关注的问题 Equitable sharing of costs and benefits of conservation 平等分担和分享保护的成本和利益 Strategic vision and actual effectiveness of management 管理的战略眼光和实效

  6. Innovative features of co-managements Effectively links biodiversity conservation with poverty reduction and good governance 1. Co-Management Councils established for conservation and conflict resolution 2. Good governance promoted through set-up and operation of the Co-Management Councils 3. Villagers trained to utilize indigenous knowledge for biodiversity monitoring 4. Environment Trust Fund created for poverty reduction, income generation and capacity development

  7. Community participatory nature resources changing the domination of government management • 形成管理与保护的“天罗地网” • Protection as “tight encirclement ”/strict and enforcement on protecting agreed by villagers • 密切了政府与村民关系 Closing gaps between government and villagers

  8. What is co-management • Community co-management nature resources model is by having villagers as the main body accompanied by other stakeholders it sets up an organization based on negotiation. • According to agreement, all stakeholders are responsible to protect natural resources

  9. Characteristic of CM Organizations •以当地社区村民为主体 Villagers are main body of CMO •当地政府机关参与到其中 Local government taking supporting roles in CMC(co-management council ) •自治组织 Self-governing

  10. The Main principles of the CMC Effective protection of forests, reasonable utilization of natural resources, joint sharing benefits and bearing risks.

  11. Guiding Ideology of CMC • It is important to recognize villagers or local community as legal owners of natural resources, and • Trust their awareness of autonomous conservation of natural resources. • Villagers’ capacities of sustainable resource management should also be emphasized.

  12. Co-management is a participatory protection model 。Multidisciplinary 。Participatory method 。Stakeholders 。local people dominating, and • Villager participation：Main body Initiative Positive

  13. 共管组织的地位Position of CMC • 保护生物多样性的有效组织 • It is a efficient organization for biodiversity protection • 村民利益的忠实代表 • It is a dutiful represents of villagers’ benefits and interests • 村民行使民主权利的有效形式 • It is a efficient form of villager • performing democraticrights

  14. 共管组织的作用The function of CM C 共同决策 Jointly make a strategic decision 共同规划 Jointly make plans 共同管理 Jointly management 共同受益 Jointly obtain benefit 获得与政府官员对话的权利和机会 Share benefit of rights and opportunity for dialoging with government offices

  15. How Co-Management Council (CMC) worked • villagers directly participate in managing, using and conserving natural resources through the constitutions, conventions and specific program. • farmers play roles in decision making on important affairs in the management of natural resources at local level. • Co-Management organizations also consider benefits of the weak, including women, children, and other sick and disable people, that ensure their equal participation in the project.

  16. Why CMC can be successful •保护生物多样性的最佳组织 It is efficient organizations for biodiversity protection • 按照章程，运作状况良好 CMC’s have gone well follow by the regulation • 兼顾了各方利益 It has given attention to all stockholders’ benefit • 成功经验应该推广 The mechanism and methods can be extended to others

  17. Establishment of CMC •村民直接选举Direct elevated by villagers 海选候选人，不搞指派 Nominated candidates without government appointment •第一负责人组合竞选 Leader selected members for candidacy •必须发表竞选演说 Public speech/ campaigns •村民秘密投票 Secretly voting

  18. 政府机关的评价Evaluation by departments of local government • 减少了政府机关的工作量 • Reduce the tension of among departments of local government • 转变了“与社区村民为敌”的指导思想 • Change the issue from enemy to partner • 保护起到了“天罗地网”的效果 Protection as “tight encirclement ”/stick and enforcement on protecting agreed by villagers

  19. Community Development and Protection Trust Fund----Guarantee for the Sustainability of CMC

  20. 基金的宗旨The purposes of ETF • 以促进环境和生物多样性保护为目的 • To establish the local funds for environmental protection and biodiversity conservation • 与小额信贷结合，扶持村民创收，促使其更好的参与保护 • To link ETF to micro credit for supporting income generation and forest conservation • 减少村民对森林的依赖性 • To reduce dependency of forest of villagers

  21. 基金的宗旨The purposes of ETF • 提高村民保护森林资源和生物多样性的积极性 • To insure villagers’ continued protection of forest resources and biodiversity • 利息收入支持共管组织从事环保和可持续发展 • To generate interest from micro credit for supporting CMC’s environmental activities and sustainable development

  22. 基金的性质Nature of the trust fund • 社区法人:村民管理,有偿使用,长期滚动的民间互助基金 • Legal status: villagers management, interest based repayment, revolving use, and joint collateral of villagers of micro credit to guarantee ETF • 非金融性 • Local financing banking/non-standardized banking

  23. 基金的性质Nature of the trust fund • 特定区域性 • specific region/area • 内部性 • project areas • 股份合作性 • multi sources of capital/Interest earning as incentive

  24. 生态保护作用Advantage of biological protection 村民依据基金贷款创收 减少了到森林中的活动 Use to generate income and reduce their forest activities 养猪：推广饲料生喂 Promote non-cook fodder for pigs raising

  25. 设立基金理由Reasons for setting up ETF linked micro credit • 村民处于贫困状态 Continue poverty • 农行已从乡一级“下山回城” Agricultural bank of China canceling the sub-bank in township • 农信社只能满足4-8%贷款 Low rates of loan serves (ACC satisfying only 4-8% loans demand) • 高利贷盘剥穷人 High interest rate of local loaner to exploit the poor

  26. 基金性质 Characters of ETF • 村一级村民所有的互助金 Mutual fund owned by the villagers • 村民自己民主管理 Democrat management • 全体村民均等收益 Equal profit for all the villagers

  27. 基金的运作Operation of ETF • 按小额信贷扶贫到户模式 Following the principle ofmmicro-credit for poverty alleviation • 小额信贷扶贫到户≠小额信贷款 linked micro credit access to poor ≠Micro-credit

  28. 坚持高利率 Higher interest rate 高利率排斥了村干部与富人, 目标瞄准了穷人 Discourage the rich to get the loans and poor are target groups of micro credit

  29. 社区保护与发展基金 ETF 60% 股金share 小额信贷运作方法 Approaches of micro credit 贷款credit 利息收入 Interest earning CMC 40% 农户 Farm households Villager accepts micro credit 农户必须接受小额信贷方式 基金运行机制 Mechanismof ETF

  30. 整贷零还Loan with small repayment • 给贷款穷人一个压力 Ensure the use of loan for investment • “老母鸡换大水牛” Exchanging the old hens for a big buffalo • 排斥村干部与富人 Prevent loans to village cadres and rich

  31. 妇女作为主承贷人Women as the main borrowers • 妇女责任心高于男子, 男子有钱就喝酒 Women are more responsible than men Men always drink when they have money

  32. 低成本运作Operation with lowoperation cost • 社区共管组织成员无报酬运作 CMC members take responsibility to operate the ETF link with micro credit management without allowance. • 克服了小额信贷扶贫到户的一大难题 Resolving a difficult problem of Micro-credit facing the poor

  33. 利息分配Contribution of interest • 一部分作为共管组织成员的误工补贴 Small share interest earned to compensate CMC members • 社区共管的可持续性保证 Ensure the sustainability of CMC

  34. 农村能源替代Rural alternative energy • 云南多数农村能源是薪柴 每年平均消耗1800万立方米 Firewood as the main rural energy in Yunnan 18 million cubic meters consumption per year

  35. 基金运作及特点Characteristicof ETF • 贷款不需要抵押与担保 • No mortgage • 整贷零还 • Flexible repayment scheme /small repayment term

  36. 基金运作及特点Characteristicof ETF • 贷款小组成员互助互督互保 • Help, Guarantee and Monitor each other • 以妇女为主要贷款对象 • Loan to womenand family • 高利率 Competitive interest rate to ensure access for poor

  37. 基金运作及特点Characteristicof ETF • 贷款和还款均在村民大会进行 • Loan and repayment in the village public meeting and transparency • 帐务公开 • Present the account books to all of villagers

  38. Sustainable use of trust funds • 遵循基金的制度设计 • Follow by original design of trust fund’s institution • 建立规范、有效、较完善的管理体系 • Has set up standard, efficiency, and perfect of management systems 财务制度 financial affairs system 贷款制度 Institution of credit 监督机制 monitor mechanism

  39. 基金组织具有可持续性 • Trust fund organizing has sustainability • 基金的资金和运作实现了本地化 • Localization of ETF • 寻找更多的筹资渠道 • To seek more funds-raising channels for ETF • 加强技术部门与农户的沟通和合作 • Strengthen the links between the technical • extension agencies and villagers

  40. 加强贷款审批和内部监督 • To upgrade the approval procedures and internal monitoring • 加强财务人员的培训 • To conduct skill training for accountant • 实行整贷零还 • Flexible repayment scheme/small repayment term

  41. Farmer take responsibly for biodiversity protection • The monitoring way is a primary way of recognizing whether the biodiversity is protected, or kept previous condition or vanishes. • The farmers’ monitoring biodiversity that is based on experts and local villagers locating the indicating species or key ones, then to train the local farmers, is a kind of lower cost monitoring and evaluating system implemented by local community.

  42. 生物多样性监测活动的目的The purposes of biodiversity monitoring program 生物多样性监测活动的目的 Purposes of biodiversity monitoring program 2. 为制定计划和管理建立信息反馈系统 Provide feedback to inform adaptive planning and management. 1.为问题的甄别提供 生物资源信息， Provide information to identify problems. 3. 评价项目 Provide measures ofsuccess based on project goals. 4. 对村民影响的评价 Provide measures ofimpact based on villagers’ interests.

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