EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

1. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES UNIT 6

2. WHAT IS A SITUATION THAT MIGHT REQUIRE EMERGENCY CARE? INJURIES OR CONDITIONS THAT IMPAIR, OR HAVE POTENTIAL TO IMPAIR, VITAL FUNCTIONS OF THE CNS AND/OR CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM

3. EMERGENCY CARE • RECOGNIZABLE INJURIES • LACK OF BREATHING • ABSENCE OF PULSE • IDENTIFIED BY CHECKING ABCs • ABCs • AIRWAY • BREATHING • CIRCULATION • SEVER ARTERIAL BLEEDING

4. SURVEYS PRIMARY SURVEY SECONDARY SURVEY • IMMEDIATE ASSESSMENT • DETERMINES UNRESPONSIVENESS • RECOGNIZES LIFE THREATHENING SITUATIONS • DICTATES ACTION NEEDED • NOT ALL CONDITIONS RECOGNIZED BY PRIMARY SURVEY, BUT COULD CAUSE CONDITION TO DETERIORATE • BLEEDING • SHOCK • HEAT STRESS • DETAILED HANDS ON • HEAD TO TOE ASSESSMENT • DETECTS CONDITIONS THAT MY NOT IMPOSE AN IMMEDIATE THREAT, BUT IF LEFT UNRECOGNIZED COULD LEAD TO SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS

5. GATHER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSTO DETERMINE SERIOUSNESS SIGNS PHYSICAL FINDINGS ABOUT CONDITION HEAR FEEL SEE SMELL SYMPTOMS INFORMATION FROM INDIVIDUAL REGARDING THEIR RECEPTION OF PROBLEM BLURRED VISIONRINGING IN THE EARS FATIGUE DIZZINESS NAUSEA HEADACHE PAIN WEAKNESS INABILITY TO MOVE

6. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS THEY CAN NOT SMELL AN ORANGE

7. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS THEY HAVE BLURRED VISION

8. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS THEY ARE GETTING DIZZY WHEN THEY STAND UP

9. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS THEY CAN NOT HEAR YOU SNAP YOUR FINGERS

10. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS THEY CAN NOT FEEL YOU TOUCH THEIR FOOT

11. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS THEY GOT NAUSEOUS AFTER THE HIT

12. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS THEY HAVE RINGING IN THEIR EARS

13. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS IT IS PAINFUL WHEN THEY WALK

14. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS THEY CAN NOT SEE THE LETTERS ON THE PAGE

15. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS THEY HAVE HAD A HEADACHE SINCE YESTERDAY

16. SIGNS/SYMPTOM ACTIVITYIDENTIFY WHAT EACH IS THEY HAVE BEEN FATIGUED ALL WEEKEND

17. THE UNCONSCIOUS ATHLETE DIFFERENT LEVELS ON CONSCIOUSNESS • ALERT: AWARE OF SURROUNDINGS; FULL CONSCIOUSNESS • LETHARGY: SOMEWHAT AWARE OF SURROUNDINGS; LESSA ALERT; AROUSED BY NUDGE/SOUND • STUPOR: NEARLY UNCOUNSCIOUS; UNABLE TO STAY AWAKE FOR LONG TIMES • UNCONSCIOUSNESS: IMPAIRMENT OF BRAIN FUNCTION; UNABLE TO RESPOND TO STIMULI • COMA: NOT AROUSED BY ANYTHING; NOT EVEN PRICKS; EYE CLOSED AND NOT TALKING

18. UNCONSCIOUS ATHLETE • Head injuries are the leading cause of consciousness in sport activity • Techniques for verbal and sensory stimuli • Calling out their name • Pinch soft tissue in armpit • Rap knuckles on sternum • NEVER use ammonia capsules – why? • If no response, check ABCs • If unconscious, but breathing, proceed to secondary survey

19. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE BODY BLEEDS? • HEMORRHAGE = BLEEDING • SEVERE HEMORRHAGE CAUSES: • DECREASE IN BLOOD VOLUME • DECREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE • BECAUSE THERE IS LESS BLOOD IN THE BODY DUE TO BLEEDING, PUMPING ACTION IS WEAKENED • ARTERIAL BLEEDING: BRIGHT RED AND SPURINTG (THIS DELAYS CLOTTING)

20. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE BODY BLEEDS? • THE BODY CAN TOLERATE THE LOSS OF ONE PINT OF BLOOD • 2-3 PINTS OF BLOOD LOSS IN 1-2 HOURS IS FATAL • SEVERITY OF BLEEDING DEPENDS ON: • AGE, WEIGHT, PHYSICAL CONDITION • WHETHER ARTERIAL OR VENOUS • SPEED OF FLOW • IF IT IS FLOWING FREELY OR INTO A CAVITY

21. BLEEDING • EXTERNAL • RESULT OF OPEN SKIN WOUNDS • CAN BE CONTROLLED WITH COMPRESSION, ELEVATION, AND PRESSURE POINTS • WHEN DEALING WITH OPEN WOUNDS USE UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS • INTERNAL • RESULT OF BLUNT TRAUMA OR FRACTURES • OFTEN OVERLOOKED AND LEADS TO SHOCK • AIR SPLINTS AND VACUUM SPLINTS CAN BE USED TO APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE TO LIMIT THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD LOSS