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  1. DISCLAIMER: The following translated document originates from Brazil, is based on Brazilian data and experience, and was developed by EMBRAPA for Brazilian farmers. Aspects of SBR development and fungicide efficacy comparisons may not be the same under U.S. and Brazilian conditions. Similarly, certain control measures suggested by Brazilian officials reflect the unique SBR situation in Brazil, as well as year-round soybean production in certain parts of that country. Therefore, do not use this information for making fungicide purchasing or SBR control decisions in the U.S. Instead, use control measures developed by your state’s Land Grant University scientists. Be advised that fungicide product names for the same active ingredient and manufacturer are typically different for Brazil and the U.S.; however,  the common names for the active ingredient (such as tebuconazole or propiconazole or azoxystrobin) are the same in both countries. For more information or clarification about the translated document, contact: D. Hershman Extension Plant Pathologist University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY dhershma@uky.edu IMPORTANT NOTICE: Please read first!

  2. SOYBEAN RUST: Identification Management Control

  3. History 1902 – first report in Japan 1914 – in southeast Asia 1976 - PuertoRico 1979 - Lavras, MG - Dr. Josué Deslandes 1990 - Uganda, Kenya and Rwuanda 1998 - Zimbabwe 2001 - Paraguai and Brazil 2002 – Argentina 2003 - Bolivia 2004 – Uruguai,Colombia and USA • Up to 1992 – only one species identified as soybean rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi • In 1992 – found a 2nd species causing rust on soybean P. meibomiae – American rust P. pachyrhizi – Asian rust

  4. 1957 1902 1940 1934 2004 1966 2003 1998 1999 2001 1934 2002 2001 Soybean rust around the world 2004 1996

  5. Evolution of soybean rust in Brazil 2000/2004

  6. PA PA PA PA Presence detected Severe losses detected 2001/02 2000/01 2002/03 2003/04 Actual status

  7. Cruzaltinha, RS – 2002 BRS 154 3.015 kg/ha 1.632 kg/ha Losses: 46% treated Control 3.022 kg/ha 2.344 kg/ha BRS 153 Losses: 23%

  8. São Desidério, BA - 2003 3550 kg/ha 1470 kg/ha Losses : 58%

  9. Treated Control Pirapó, Paraguai – 2001

  10. Losses Crop Season 2003/04 Fungicides + spray US$ 860 million 2. Yield + taxes US$ 1.2 billion 3. Total: US$ 2.06 billion Cost of Fungicides: US$ 30/ha (1 spray) Lazzaroto& Roessing, 2004

  11. Consortium anti-rust Disease identification, management and control Capacitation of 100,000 farmers in 2005

  12. Initial Symptoms

  13. Soybean Rust Typical symptoms:tiny dark brown lesions; leaves become yellow and falls. J.T. Yorinori

  14. Soybean rust Symptoms are easily identified againts bright background J.T. Yorinori

  15. Soybean Rust Diagnosis is confirmed through observation of small blisters on the underside of soybean leaves. C.V. Godoy

  16. Soybean Rust 30 X lens to observe uredias in the leaf J.T. Yorinori

  17. uredias W.M. Paiva

  18. First detection in Brazil: Foz do Iguaçu, PR - 2001

  19. Symptom´s Evolution And Defoliation 5-7 days after inoculation J.T. Yorinori Bright background J.T. Yorinori

  20. 9 Days after inoculation J.T. Yorinori Bright background J.T. Yorinori

  21. J.T. Yorinori 25 days after inoculation Yellowing and defoliation J.T. Yorinori

  22. Initial symptons ocurred in R1-R2

  23. Early defoliation due to Asian Rust São Desidério/ BA - J.T. Yorinori

  24. MATO GROSSO Primavera do Leste, MT: 21.02.03

  25. MATO GROSSO Primavera do Leste, MT: 21.02.03

  26. Rust on the cotyledons - rare

  27. Rust on the stems – uncomon

  28. Rust on the pods - rare

  29. Etiology: desease Cycle: 5-7 (9-11)days time

  30. Spore germination pattern

  31. Disease cycle Dissemination: wind 6-7 days occurs spore liberation J.T.Yorinori Dissemination One pustule releases spores along 3 weeks J.T.Yorinori M. Iamauti, 2004 development Free water on leaf surface Minimum: 6 h Optimun:12 - 14 h Direct penetration through stomata Infection Symptoms show up 5 days after inoculation Germination (optimun 180C – 260C) Penetration Reproduction M. Iamauti G.N.Agrios W.M.Paiva

  32. Disease misidentification

  33. Brown spot: Septoria glycines J.T. Yorinori J.T. Yorinori

  34. Bacterial blight Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea

  35. Downy mildew: Peronospora manshurica Soybean rust

  36. A.M.R.Almeida L.M. Costamilan J.T. Yorinori Bacterial pustule Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines

  37. Part 2 continues with Scouting and SBR Disease Control and Management Click this link to be taken to part 2 (the conclusion) of this presentation: http://www.uky.edu/Ag/Agronomy/Department/sbr/resources/consortiumnEnglishPart2.htm End of Part 1

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