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Europeans Claim Muslim Land

Europeans Claim Muslim Land. Ottoman Empire. Steady decline 300 yrs Weak Sultans Corruption Inflation 1830’s – Greek Independent Serbia Balkans. Geopolitics. Def – Taking land for strategic location Ex. – Russia – Crimea (access to Black Sea) Ex. Oil in Persia, Arabian Peninsula.

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Europeans Claim Muslim Land

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  1. Europeans Claim Muslim Land

  2. Ottoman Empire • Steady decline 300 yrs • Weak Sultans • Corruption • Inflation • 1830’s – Greek Independent • Serbia • Balkans

  3. Geopolitics • Def – Taking land for strategic location • Ex. – Russia – Crimea (access to Black Sea) • Ex. Oil in Persia, Arabian Peninsula

  4. Crimean War (1854-1856) • Britain and France joined Ottomans • Russians Lose • Ottomans still weak and losing land • Russians aided Slavic people in Independence

  5. Great Game • War Waged over India • Britain and Russia • Afghanistan – Center of Struggle • 1881 – GB withdrew from Afg. • 1921 – GB not beyond Khybar Pass • Soviets – Nonaggression pact with Afg. • 1979 – Soviets invaded Afg.

  6. Egypt • Muhammad Ali – Broke away from Ottomans • 1831 – Gained control of Syria and Arabia • Reforms in military and economics • Cash crop – Cotton  Instead of food crops

  7. Suez Canal • Isma’il – Construction of • Connect Red Sea and Mediterranean • Built w/ French $ • Opened in 1869 – Still in debt Could not pay • British insist to take over canal • 1882 – British Occupy Egypt

  8. Persia • Russia and GB compete for • Persian ruler started to allow businesses to buy right to operate in certain areas • Ex. Anglo-Persian Oil Co. Rich oil Fields in Persia • Tobacco in Persia • 1890 – Persian ruler sold concession to export tobacco • Tobacco Boycott – Unrest • 1907 – Russia and GB took and divided into Spheres of Influence

  9. Imperialism • Seizure of a country by a stronger country --> Search for new raw materials, new markets, etc.

  10. British In India

  11. A Tamil tea picker on Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka), early 20th century. Tea pickers harvested the green tea leaves which were then fermented to produce black tea, the quintessential drink of the British Empire (which controlled Ceylon). The harvesting methods shown here are basically unchanged today.

  12. British East India Company • Ruled India • Own Army – British and Sepoys • India – “Jewel in the crown” • Must produce raw materials • Must buy British goods • No Indian competition with British goods • Railroads helped • Goods – Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, jute, opium

  13. Impact on India (Bad) • British held political and economic power • British restricted Indian-owned industries • Cash crop – Hurt self-sufficiency • Reduce food production  Famine • Racism threatened way of life

  14. Impact on India (Good) • 3rd largest RR India = modern economy • Road network • Telephone lines, dams, bridges, etc. • Sanitation and public health • Schools and colleges

  15. Sepoy Mutiny • 1857 – Indians rebel • Cartridges with beef and pork fat  Hindus (cows sacred), Muslims (don’t eat pork) • Did not accept cartridges Put in jail rebelled marched to Delhi Captured city  Spread • Took Brit E. Ind Co. 1 year to recover

  16. Hindus and Muslims split • Hindus preferred British rule to Muslim rule • 1858 – British took direct control of India • Raj – British Rule over India from 1757-1947

  17. Nationalism in India • Ram Mohun Roy – Modern thinker, wanted modernization • Must change, or will always be ruled • Didn’t want 2nd class in own country

  18. Nationalist Groups • Indian National Congress – 1885 • Muslim League – 1906 • Called for Self-government • British divided Hindu and Muslim (Partition of Bengal) • Terrorism

  19. Imperialism in SE Asia

  20. This photo shows US troops guarding a group of captured Filipino insurgents in the early stages of the Philippine-American War of 1899-1913, in which over 4300 American soldiers, 16,000 Filipino soldiers, and between 250,000 and 1 million civilians died before the US crushed the insurgency and retained its colonial hold on the islands.

  21. Russian engraving of a tattooed Polynesian warrior. Russia was one of the "Western" powers, along with Britain, the US and France, with interests in the Pacific, home of the Polynesian peoples.

  22. The middle of the nineteenth century saw a tremendous boom in whaling as the industrialized world scoured the world for new energy sources, including oil processed from whales. This American whale chart, from about 1850, locates those places in the world's oceans where whales had been successfully hunted.

  23. Dutch East India Company • Control over Indonesian Islands • Expanded  Made Indonesia home

  24. British Control • Singapore – Malayan Peninsula, Burma Encouraged Chinese to immigrate to Malaysia

  25. French • Indochina • Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia • Rice

  26. Germans • Marshall Islands, New Guinea, Solomon Islands

  27. United States • Philippines • Took from Spanish

  28. Siam (Thailand) • Remained Independent – Neutral zone b/w French and British • Modernized itself • Started schools, reform legal system, built railroads, ended slavery

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