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Chapter 15 Review

Antebellum Revivalism & Reform. Chapter 15 Review. Era of Social Change. Religious revilvals Reform movements 1) women’s rights 2) education 3) literacy 4) prohibition 5) Abolition. Transcendentalism (European Romanticism).

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Chapter 15 Review

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  1. AntebellumRevivalism&Reform Chapter 15 Review

  2. Era of Social Change • Religious revilvals • Reform movements 1) women’s rights 2) education 3) literacy 4) prohibition 5) Abolition

  3. Transcendentalism (European Romanticism) • Liberation from understanding and the cultivation of reasoning.” • Go against John Locke and the idea that knowledge comes from the mind • “Transcend” the limits of intellect and allow the emotions, the SOUL, to create an original relationship with the Universe.

  4. The Transcendentalist Agenda • Give freedom to the slave. • Give well-being to the poor and the miserable. • Give learning to the ignorant. • Give health to the sick. • Give peace and justice to society.

  5. Transcendentailists • Ralph Waldo Emerson • Henry David Thoraeu • Walt Whitman

  6. Thomas Paine & Deism • Age of Reason 1794 • All churches set up to enslave men and make a profit • Followed belief of Deism – reason over religion • Believe in a supreme being but not Christ’s divinity. • Followed by Jefferson & Franklin

  7. Unitarian Faith • Begins in New England • Believe that God exists in only one person (uni) • Does not believe in the holy trinity • Belive in free will & salvation through good works. • Causes a “tidal wave of spiritual fervor”.

  8. The Second Great Awakening Reaction against liberalism “Spiritual Reform From Within”[Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Education Temperance Abolition Asylum &Penal Reform Women’s Rights

  9. Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting

  10. Charles G. Finney(1792 – 1895) The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation. “soul-shaking” conversion R1-2

  11. Movements of Religious Revivals:1825 - 1846

  12. “Burned-Over District” • Areas in New England that were overrun with preaching to a point they were “burned over” • Area gave rise to Joseph Smith in 1830. Father of the Mormon faith.

  13. The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) • 1823  Golden Tablets • 1830 Book of Mormon • 1844  Murdered in Carthage, IL Joseph Smith(1805-1844)

  14. Violence Against Mormons

  15. The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) • Takes over after the death of Smith • 11 days of formal education • Aggressive leader • Moves Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah Brigham Young(1801-1877)

  16. The Mormon “Trek”

  17. Brigham & the Government • U.S. was unable to control Brigham Young • Declared himself governor in 1850 • Federal troops sent in 1857 against Mormons • U.S. Govermnet passes antipolygamy laws 1862 & 1882 • Utah doesn’t become a state until 1896

  18. Education Reform • Schools existed mostly for the wealthy • Americans realize the importance of an educated society versus one that is ignorant and able to vote. • Tax-supported public schools make gains between 1825-1850. • 1st teachers were men • Taught the “3 R’s” “ readin, ritin’ and ‘rithmethic”

  19. Horace Mann(1796-1859) “Father of American Education” • children were clay in the hands of teachers and school officials • children should be “molded” into a state of perfection • discouraged corporal punishment • established state teacher- training programs R3-6

  20. Educational Reform Religious Training  Secular Education • MA  always on the forefront of public educational reform* 1st state to establish tax support for local public schools. • By 1860 every state offered free public education to whites.* US had one of the highest literacy rates.

  21. Utopian Communities

  22. The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848 • the 2nd coming of Christ had already occurred. • Humans were no longer obliged to follow the moral rules of the past. • all residents married to each other. • carefully regulated “free love.” • Praticed eugenics John Humphrey Noyes(1811-1886)

  23. The Shakers • Led by Mother Ann Lee • Longest lived sects • 6,000 member in 1840 • Died out by 1940

  24. Robert Owen (1771-1858) Utopian Socialist “Village of Cooperation”

  25. Original Plans for New Harmony, IN New Harmony in 1832

  26. New Harmony, IN

  27. The Blithedale Romance 1852 • Book inspired by New Harmony • Written by Nathaniel Hawthorne • Main character was based on a feminist writer Margaret Fuller

  28. Penitentiary Reform Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) 1821  first penitentiary foundedin Auburn, NY R1-5/7

  29. Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

  30. Temperance Movement 1826 - American Temperance Society“Demon Rum”! Frances Willard The Beecher Family R1-6

  31. “The Drunkard’s Progress” From the first glass to the grave, 1846

  32. Ten Nights on a Barroom and What I Saw There • Written by T.S. Arthur in 1854 • Shows how a tavern ruins a once happy village • 2nd best selling book of its time. • Led to states like Maine and others in the North to outlaw the sale of intoxicating liquor.

  33. Social Reform  ProstitutionThe “Fallen Woman” Sarah Ingraham (1802-1887) • 1835 Advocate of Moral Reform • Female Moral Reform Society focusedon the “Johns” & pimps, not the girls. R2-1

  34. “Cult of Domesticity” • A woman’s “sphere” was in the home (it was arefuge from the cruel world outside). • Her role was to “civilize” her husband andfamily. • An 1830s MA minister: The power of woman is her dependence. A woman who gives up that dependence on man to become a reformer yields the power God has given her for her protection, and her character becomes unnatural!

  35. Early 19c Women • Unable to vote. • Legal status of a minor. • Single  could own her own property. • Married  no control over herproperty or her children. • Could not initiate divorce. • Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.

  36. Cult of Domesticity = Slavery The 2nd Great Awakening inspired women to improve society. Lucy Stone Angelina Grimké Sarah Grimké • American Women’sSuffrage Assoc. • edited Woman’s Journal • Southern Abolitionists R2-9

  37. Women’s Rights 1840  split in the abolitionist movement over women’s role in it. London World Anti-Slavery Convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott 1848 Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments States- men and women were created equal.

  38. What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own Way! R2-8

  39. Abolitionist Movement • 1816 American Colonization Society created (gradual, voluntary emancipation. British Colonization Society symbol

  40. Abolitionist Movement • Create a free slave state in Liberia, WestAfrica. • No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s. Gradualists Immediatists

  41. Anti-Slavery Alphabet

  42. William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879) • Slavery & Masonryundermined republicanvalues. • Immediate emancipation with NO compensation. • Slavery was a moral, notan economic issue. R2-4

  43. The Liberator Premiere issue  January 1, 1831 R2-5

  44. The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All Villanies!

  45. Other White Abolitionists Lewis Tappan James Birney • Liberty Party. • Ran for President in 1840 & 1844. Arthur Tappan

  46. Black Abolitionists David Walker(1785-1830) 1829 Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites.

  47. Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) 1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass 1847 “The North Star” R2-12

  48. Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)or Isabella Baumfree 1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth R2-10

  49. Harriet Tubman(1820-1913) • Helped over 300 slaves to freedom. • $40,000 bounty on her head. • Served as a Union spy during the Civil War. “Moses”

  50. Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground Railroad

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