Chapter 15 Test Review

1. Chapter 15 Test Review The Atmosphere

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3. 1. Wind occurs because air tends to move from regions of higher to lower. • a. latitude. • b. nitrogen levels. • c. pressure. • d. humidity.

4. 2. Wind is created by differences in • a. air temperature. • b. air pressure. • c. humidity. • d. altitude.

5. 3. In which section do the westerlies occur? • a. section 1 • b. section 3 • c. section 2 • d. section 4

6. 4. In which section do the polar easterlies occur? • a. section 1 • b. section 3 • c. section 2 • d. section 4

7. 5. In which section do the southeast trade winds occur? • a. section 1 • c. section 3 • b. section 2 • d. section 4

8. 6. Where are the doldrums? • a. at 0º latitude • b. at 60º latitude • c. at 30º latitude • d. at the poles

9. 7. Which of the following statements describing a sea breeze is true? • a. Air over the water is cooler, which creates an area of high pressure. • b. Air over the water is cooler, which creates an area of low pressure. • c. Air over the water is warmer, which creates an area of low pressure. • d. Air over the water is warmer, which creates an area of high pressure.

10. 8. Which of the following statements describing a land breeze is true? • a. Air over the water is cooler, creating an area of high pressure as it rises. • b. Air over the water is cooler, creating an area of low pressure as it rises. • c. Air over the water is warmer, creating an area of low pressure as it rises. • d. Air over the water is warmer, creating an area of high pressure as it rises.

11. 9. At night, cool air sinks into a valley from the mountain peaks, creating a • a. valley breeze. • b. land breeze. • c. mountain breeze. • d. jet stream.

12. 10. During the day, warm air from a valley moves upslope, creating a • a. valley breeze. • b. land breeze. • c. mountain breeze. • d. sea breeze.

13. 11. Compared to the poles, the air at the equator is warmer and • a. less dense, creating an area of high pressure as it rises. • b. less dense, creating an area of low pressure as it rises. • c. more dense, creating an area of low pressure as it rises. • d. more dense, creating an area of high pressure as it rises.

14. 12. Most of the heat from equatorial regions is moved toward the poles by • a. convection. • b. conduction. • c. radiation. • d. precipitation.

15. 13. Near the Earth's surface, air is heated by • a. convection. • b. ozone. • c. solar winds. • d. conduction.

16. 14. Narrow belts of high-speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere are known as • a. trade winds. • b. jet streams. • c. westerlies. • d. polar easterlies.

17. 15. The Earth’s rotation causes wind to travel in a curved path rather than in a straight line do to a phenomenon called the _______. • a. Easterlies • b. Polar Easterlies • c. Coriolis effect • d. Westerlies

18. 1. About ____ percent of the solar energy that reaches the outer atmosphere is absorbed at the Earth's surface. • a. 20 • b. 50 • c. 30 • d. 70

19. 2. The Earth receives energy from the sun in the form of • a. ozone. • b. carbon dioxide. • c. nitrogen. • d. radiation.

20. 3. When radiation reaches the Earth's atmosphere, about 25 percent of it is • a. scattered and reflected by clouds and air. • b. absorbed by the Earth's surface. • c. reflected by the Earth's surface. • d. absorbed by ozone, clouds, and air.

21. 4. When radiation reaches the Earth's atmosphere, about 5 percent of it is • a. reflected by clouds and air. • b. absorbed by the Earth's surface. • c. reflected by the Earth's surface. • d. absorbed by ozone, clouds, and air.

22. 5. When radiation reaches the Earth's atmosphere, about 20 percent of it is • a. reflected by the Earth's surface. • b. reflected by clouds and air. • c. absorbed by ozone, clouds, and air. • d. absorbed by the Earth's surface.

23. 6. How does most thermal energy in the atmosphere move? • a. conduction • b. convection • c. advection • d. radiation

24. 7. Near the Earth's surface, air is heated by • a. convection. • b. ozone. • c. solar winds. • d. conduction.

25. 8. The balance between incoming radiation and outgoing heat energy is called • a. convection. • b. radiation balance. • c. conduction. • d. greenhouse effect.

26. 9. Most of the United States is located in which prevailing wind belt? • a. northeast trade winds • b. southeast trade winds • c. westerlies • d. doldrums

27. 10. An increase in the greenhouse effect would cause • a. global warming. • b. convection. • c. conduction. • d. acid precipitation.

28. 1. In the stratosphere, temperature ____ with increasing altitude. • a. decreases • b. fluctuates • c. increases • d. stays the same

29. 1. Which of the following produces the greatest amount of pollution? • a. human-made primary pollutants • b. human-made secondary pollutants • c. naturally made primary pollutants • d. None of the above

30. 2. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a pollutant? • a. dust • b. sea salt • c. pollen • d. None of the above

31. 3. Automobile exhaust reacts with air and sunlight to form • a. smog. • b. ozone. • c. a primary pollutant. • d. acid precipitation.

32. 4. Ozone reacts with automobile exhaust to form • a. ash. • b. smoke. • c. a primary pollutant. • d. smog.

33. 5. Seventy percent of the carbon monoxide in the United States is produced by • a. power plants. • b. fuel-burning vehicles. • c. volcanoes. • d. factories.

34. 6. Which of the following is NOT an effect of air pollution? • a. cancer • b. increased colds • c. allergies • d. None of the above

35. 7. The Clean Air Act • a. controls the amount of air pollutants that can be released from most sources. • b. requires cars to run on fuels other than gasoline. • c. requires many industries to use scrubbers. • d. (a) and (c) only

36. 8. ____ removes ash and other particles from smokestacks. • a. Ozone • b. Convection • c. Scrubber • d. Radiation

37. 2. The part of the atmosphere that humans live in. • a. stratosphere. • b. troposphere. • c. thermosphere. • d. mesosphere.

38. 3. The ____ is the coldest layer of the atmosphere. • a. troposphere • b. mesosphere • c. stratosphere • d. thermosphere

39. 4. The area of the atmosphere that has extreme temperatures, but it wouldn’t feel hot if you were there. • a. thermosphere. • c. mesosphere. • b. stratosphere. • d. troposphere.

40. 5. The area of the atmosphere that some radio signals like AM signals are reflected back down to Earth and be heard anyplace on the globe. • a. Troposphere • b. Stratosphere • c. Mesosphere • d. Ionosphere

41. 6. What is the most abundant gas in the air that we breathe? • a. Oxygen • b. Hydrogen • c. Nitrogen • d. Carbon dioxide

42. 7. The layers of the atmosphere are divided into layers based on_____. • a. Altitude • b. Temperature • c. Atmospheric pressure • d. the type of gasses it is composed of

43. 8. What percent of the atmosphere is composed of oxygen? • a. 78% • b. 22% • c. 68% • d. 21%

44. 9. What is the most abundant gas in the air that we breathe? • a. Oxygen • b. Hydrogen • c. Nitrogen • d. Carbon dioxide

45. 10. As ____ increases, air pressure decreases • a. Water vapor • b. Radiation • c. Altitude • d. Pollution

46. Wow!!