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Women’s Roles in Non-Economic Activities Using Time Use Surveys in Thailand, Japan, and China

Women’s Roles in Non-Economic Activities Using Time Use Surveys in Thailand, Japan, and China. Ms. Sudarat Tuntivivat Ms. Kanjana Tisayaticom Dr. Phusit Prakongsai International Health Policy Program (IHPP) Presentation to IHPP journal club 1 November 2010 IHPP meeting room.

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Women’s Roles in Non-Economic Activities Using Time Use Surveys in Thailand, Japan, and China

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  1. Women’s Roles in Non-Economic Activities Using Time Use Surveys in Thailand, Japan, and China Ms. Sudarat Tuntivivat Ms. Kanjana Tisayaticom Dr. Phusit Prakongsai International Health Policy Program (IHPP) Presentation to IHPP journal club 1 November 2010 IHPP meeting room

  2. Data and Presentation Sources • Thailand • Time Use Survey 2001, 2004, 2009 (Data Cleaning Process) • National Statistical Office • China • Time Use Survey 2008 • National Bureau of Statistics • Japan • Time Use Survey 2006 • Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

  3. Non-economic activities • Definition • Work, service, activities, • Without earning and compensation, • For household members, other households or community

  4. Non-economic activities • Group of activities for analysis in Thailand • Group 1: Household maintenance, management and shopping for own household • Group 2: Care for children, the sick, elderly and disabled for own household • Group 3: Community services and help to other household

  5. Historical development of Time Use Survey in Thailand • 2009 • - All day activities • - Prepare time every10minutes • Main and second activities • (5 digits) • - Representation • (Whole kingdom, Region) • 2004 • - All day activities • - Prepare time every 10 minutes • Main and Second activities • (3 digits) • - Representation • (Whole Kingdom, Region) (On data cleaning process) 2001 - All day activities - Main Activities (2 digits) - Represent ion (Whole Kingdom, Region) • International classification of activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS)

  6. Average time of respondents aged 10 yrs and over by groups of activity:Time Use Surveys in Thailand 2001 & 2004 (hours per day) Non-economic activities 6

  7. Non-economic activities % Population by sex and activities

  8. Non-economic activities Average time by sex and activities (hours per day)

  9. Household maintenance, management • and shopping for own household % Population by sex and activities

  10. Care for children, the sick, elderly • and disabled for own household % Population by sex and activities

  11. Community services and help to other household % Population by sex and activities

  12. Caring Responsibilities of Women and Men in Japan Points • 1. Main caregivers in households are female. • 2.Most care workers are female. Over 40% of female care workers are non-regular employees. • 3. There are differences in time spent on caring activities between women and men.

  13. Caring Responsibilities of Women and Men in Japan Main caregiversin householdsare female. Main caregiver in the household by sex Male28.1% Female 71.9% Data:“Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions,” Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2007)

  14. Caring Responsibilities of Women and Men in Japan Most care workersare female. Over 40% of female care workers are non-regular employees. Care workers by sex and employment situation Data: Survey of working conditions of care workers, Care Work Foundation (2006)

  15. Caring Responsibilities of Women and Menin Japan The cause of care needs aredifferent between women and men. Major reasons for need of assistance or care by sex Data: “Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions,” Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2007)

  16. WHO TAKES ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE IN CHINA? Responsibility by Gender In China, women take on most housework. Average time of housework: Women: 4 hours (234 minutes) Men: 1.5 hours (91 minutes) Sources: 2008 time use survey in China

  17. TIME USE: WHO TAKES ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE? The Average Time Use by Distance between Home and Work Place Sources: 2008 time use survey in China

  18. TIME USE: WHO TAKES ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE IN CHINA? Responsibility by Gender Female participation of child-care Participation rate: 22 %, The average time of female participants: 137 minutes. More than 1/5 of women engaged in child-care, and on average they spent more than 2 hours on it per day.

  19. TIME USE: WHO TAKES ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CHILD CARE IN CHINA? Responsibility, Secondary Activity Sources: 2008 time use survey in China

  20. Conclusions and policy recommendations • Women participated in non-economic activities more than men, especially household services and care for household members. • To reduce gender inequity, both economic and non-economic activities should be equally addressed. • Non-economic activities, should be valued as monetary equivalence and included in the GDP estimation. • Need campaign to change social attitude, especially men, on sharing responsibility in non-economic activities.

  21. Questions and CommentsThank you for your attention

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