Crisis Action Planning Mission Analysis

1. JTF Training Crisis Action Planning Mission Analysis UNCLASSIFIED

2. Mission Analysis Overview • Roles/responsibilities of Operations and Logistics (J4) • Access and analyze information associated with a current situation • Processes, policies and stages of planning and conducting joint operations • Strategic and operational situations • Mission, intent and concept • Suggested input into planning process • Logistical shortfalls in planning process

3. MULTINATIONAL FORCE STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURES (MNF SOP) Version 1.6 February 2006 Reference JP 3-0 Doctrine for Joint Operations JP 4-0 Logistics JP 5-0 Joint Operation Planning JP 5-00.2 JTF Planning Guidance & Procedures CJCS 3500.05A JTF HQ Master Training Guide MNF SOP

4. Develop a Military Course of Action Key Points Crisis Action Planning (CAP) Procedures: • Three process • Key Documents • Warning & Alert Orders • Commander’s Estimate • Requires Concurrent & Collaborative Planning

5. CAP Functions I Situational Awareness II Planning III Execution

6. CAP Process Features • Rapid Exchange of Information • Analysis of situations affecting possible Courses of Action (COAs) • Developing valid COAs • Selecting the best COAs • Coordinating plans & order supporting execution

7. Crisis Action Planning Summary I Situational Awareness II Planning III Execution Monitor situation Gather information Take appropriate actions Increased information gathering Review of options COAs developed - major forces - support COAs evaluated Combatant command refines & presents COAs send to: Natl Auth for COA decision Deployment plan completed Operations order developed Execute OPORDs Reporting Transition / redeploy Termination / Resolution

8. CAP Process I Situational Awareness II Planning III Execution National Authorities Planning Deployment CJCS Warning Order CCDR’s Assessment Commander’s Estimate Or Alert Order Or Execute Order Supported Strategic CDR CCDR Planning CCDR Deployment CCDR’s Warning Order Commander’s Estimate Or Alert Order Or Execute Order OPORD JTF JTF PLANNING

9. Joint Operation Planning Process(similar to army military decision making process <AMDMP>)

10. Warning Order • Establishes command relationships • States the mission, objectives and known constraints • Either request or allocate major combat forces and strategic lift required • May establish a tentative C-Day • Directs the supported Commander to develop COAs

11. Function II – Planning I Situational Awareness II Planning III Execution • CTF Tasks: • Mission Analysis • Issue Planning Guidance • Issue Warning Order • Develop COAs • Develop Staff Estimates • Analyze COAs • Compare COAs • Recommend COA • Submit CDR’s Estimate National Authorities CJCS Warning Order CDR’s Estimate Supported CCDR CCDR’s Warning Order CDR’s Estimate JFC JTF PLANNING

12. Joint Planning Group (JPG) J-2 Staff J-3 Staff J-4 Staff J-1 Staff J-2 Reps J-3 Reps J-1 Reps J-4 Reps Deployment Cell JPG J-5 Staff J-5 Reps Services IO Cell IA Cell LNOs Orders Cell J-6 Reps Med Reps Medical Staff SJA Reps PA Reps J-6 Staff JA Staff SJA Staff

13. Joint Operation Planning Process

14. Mission Analysis Task Steps • Determine known facts • Develop assumptions • Analyze HHQ’s mission & intent • Determine limitations • Determine COGs / Decisive Points • Identify operational-level tasks • Initial JTF force structure analysis • Initial risk assessment • Determine military end state • Develop mission statement • Prepare mission analysis brief

15. Mission Analysis Task Steps 1. Determine Facts - What does the Joint Task Force (JTF) know about the current status and conditions?- Supported HHQ mission, intent, and CONOPS - Forces available, readiness status of JTF forces- Review lift priority and lift allocation- Other forces available, organizations / multinational- Political situation (Host nation, friendly/foreign gov’t)- Time analysis (time line)

16. 2. Develop Assumptions Mission Analysis Task Steps • Assumptions replace missing or unknown facts • Must be valid (logical, realistic) and necessary (essential for planning to continue) • Don’t assume away enemy capabilities • Must be reassessed continually • Disseminates facts & assumptions, and consider… - Support from other government and civilian agencies - Availability of and support requirements for host nation or multinational forces - Projection of the end state - Available time - Political situation of countries proximate to COA

17. Mission Analysis Task Steps 3. Analyze Higher Mission & Intent • Analyze Mission & Intent understandingall information in the HHQ’s planning directive • Understand HHQ’s mission (understand the WHY of the mission) • Understand JTF’s role in HHQ’s intent and concept of operations • Understand HHQ’s plan for information operations / warfare (IO/IW)

18. Mission Analysis Task Steps 4. Determine Limitations- Constraints, restraints and other limitations on the JTF • Restrictions placed on the JTF • Constraints: required actions (must do) that limit freedom of action (i.e., movement within a region’s airspace or along an MSR—imposed upon us) • Restraints: prohibited actions (must not do) that limit freedom of action (i.e., cannot use local water sources or medical supplies—speaks to our ability) • May be imposed by HHQ or by circumstances • JTF staff sections determine limitations from their own perspective

19. Mission Analysis Task Steps 5. Determine Centers Of Gravity and Decisive Points • Analyze both friendly and enemy COGs to determine strengths and weaknesses • COGs are “those characteristics, capabilities, or locations from which a military force derives its freedom of action, physical strength, or will to fight.” • COGs developed by staff, under J2’s lead • COGs at Strategic, Operational, Tactical levels • Decisive Points usually “geographic in nature . . . and are the keys to attacking or sustaining an AOR.”

20. Mission Analysis Task Steps 6. Identify Operational Level Tasks - Identify tasks in terms of Specified, Implied, and Essential Tasks • List specified tasks • Stated in HHQ’s order, usually paras 2,3 & 4 • Develop implied tasks • Not specifically assigned, but must be accomplished • Determine essential tasks • Those tasks which define success – can be either specified or implied • JTF staff sections determine tasks and provide input to JPG • JPG determines overall tasks and disseminates

21. Mission Analysis Task Steps 7. Task Assignment Matrix • TASK Army Navy AF Marines SOF x • 1. Initial Assessment x • 2. Coordinate w/ NGOs x • 3. Port security • 4. Provide security for camps x • 5. Provide temporary shelter x x x • 6. Provide ground transport x • 7. Distribute food & water x x • 8. Provide air traffic control

22. Mission Analysis Task Steps 8. Initial Risk Assessment-What are the mission accomplishment and force protection risks? • May be risks associated with • Mission (risks the HHQ/JTF is willing to take in order to accomplish mission) • Force Protection (e.g., casualties, fratricide, terrorist threat) • Time available as provided by HHQ’s limitations • HHQ’s risk tolerance might be stated or implied • JTF staff sections determine risks from their perspective; provide to JPG • JPG determines overall risks, considers mitigation methods, disseminates to staff

23. Mission Analysis Task Steps 9. Determine Military End State - What are the conditions that define success / termination of operations? Strategic End State conditions • Returning to state of peace & stability • May include diplomatic, economic, military, informational conditions Operational (military) End State conditions - transition from predominant use of military to other instruments of national power End state basic principles - Conditions contribute to end of combat on terms favorable to US / Coalition partners - Gain control over enemy’s capabilities - Control defined by JTF’s ability to impose its will on enemy, and preventing enemy from renewing conflict

24. Mission Analysis Task Steps 10. Develop Mission Statement– consider Essential tasks; describe the WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, and WHY EXAMPLE: “On order, JTF-Guam supports FEMA in the Guam Joint Operations Area by mitigating the effects of the explosion and radiological hazard, providing immediate life support services, restoring basic military infrastructure, and providing information to affected personnel in order to alleviate human suffering and prevent panic. On order, JTF-Guam will transfer responsibility for these services to local authorities and/or FEMA”

25. Mission Analysis Brief 11. JPG conducts Mission Analysis brief to JTF • J2 • Initial Intel Situation • Elements of Intel Prep of the Battlespace (IPB) • Chief of Staff (COS) or • J5 / J3 • Purpose & Outline • Area of Operations

26. Mission Analysis Brief 11. JPG conducts Mission Analysis brief to CJTF • J5 / J3 • HHQ’s mission, intent, CONOPS • Forces available • Assumptions • Limitations • COGs/Decisive Pts • Tasks • Specified • Implied • Essential • Initial Force Structure • Risk Assessment

27. Mission Analysis Brief 11. JPG conducts Mission Analysis brief to JTF • J1 • Facts, assumptions, conclusions • Personnel actions • Personnel services • Other personnel related support • J5 / J3 • End State • Proposed Mission Statement • Time analysis • projected planning milestones

28. Mission Analysis Brief 11. JPG conducts Mission Analysis brief to CJTF • J6 • Facts, assumptions, conclusions • OTHERS • As appropriate to the mission

29. J4 • Facts, assumptions, conclusions • Logistics Services • Health Services • Movement • Others Mission Analysis JTF J4 11. Mission Analysis Brief

30. J4 Capabilities • Joint logistic support requirements involve • seven core capabilities areas: • Supply • Maintenance Ops • Deployment and Distribution • Health Service Support • Engineering • Log Services • Operational Contract Support

31. JTFJ4 MARoles & Responsibilities • JTF J4 conducts MA as a staff section • J4 should also have logisticians integrated into the Joint Planning Group (JPG) and/or the Operational Planning Team (OPT), and various MA working boards, providing their functional area expertise • When conducting joint operations with an effects-based approach, logisticians also need to be included in the working groups/boards and the Effects Working Group • A “Best Practice:” additionally, log planners can also develop mission analysis products focused on their functional area using a Logistics Coordination Board (LCB) • Working boards/group meeting also provides opportunity for log-related information to be disseminated to the rest of the JTF staff

32. JTFJ4 MARoles & Responsibilities (cont-) • Logistician’s focus throughout MA: • ensure logistics-related information and issues are brought to the attention of the rest of the JPG, and are factored into the planning process • Identify “show stoppers” early and constantly assess supportability • Identify, coordinate, and integratesupply and services, transportation, engineering, medical, and maintenance operations and efforts into the JTF’s plan • Commence development of the Logistic Estimate, which will eventually analyze and compare COAs, and recommend a COA that provides the best logistic support for the concept of operation

33. JTF J4 MA Planning Checklists • Review all guidance and information available, to include any applicable plans, orders, existing staff estimates, etc. • Perform logistic intelligence preparation of the battlespace/assess key areas and concerns, to include (examples only – this is not a complete list!): • Identify potential joint, common, and cross-Service missions to be assigned to JTF components to avoid duplication of effort and maximize efficiencies • Identify combatant command-recommended stockage objectives and accompanying supplies • Identify bed-down/intermediate staging base requirements and environmental issues • Conduct an initial logistic risk assessment

34. JTF J4 MA Planning Checklists (cont-) • Participate with JTF JPG in all MA steps, to include… • Determine specified, implied, and essential logistics tasks • Conduct an initial logistic force structure analysis. This should include the availability of all required logistics assets and staging installations • Determine limitations: usually phrased as constraints (things your force must do) & restraints (things your force cannot do); but there are also “others” related to terrain, logistics, strategic lift, weather, etc. • Identify critical facts & assumptions • Assist in creating a draft Prioritized Effects List (PEL) • Assist in developing the JTF mission statement • Assist in developing the mission analysis briefing for the JTF Cdr

35. Questions?