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The Skeleton

7. P A R T C. The Skeleton. Cervical Vertebrae. ____________ vertebrae (C 1 -C 7 ) are the smallest, lightest vertebrae. Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas (C 1 ). Figure 7.16a, b. Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas (C 2 ). Figure 7.17a. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae. Table 7.2.2.

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The Skeleton

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  1. 7 P A R T C The Skeleton

  2. Cervical Vertebrae • ____________ vertebrae • (C1-C7) are the smallest, lightest vertebrae

  3. Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas (C1) Figure 7.16a, b

  4. Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas (C2) Figure 7.17a

  5. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Table 7.2.2

  6. Thoracic Vertebrae • There are twelve vertebrae (T1-T12) all of which articulate with ribs

  7. Lumbar Vertebrae • The five lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) are located in the small of the back • enhanced weight-bearing function

  8. Lumbar Vertebrae Figure 7.17c

  9. Sacrum • Sacrum • ___________________________ vertebrae: (S1-S5), which shape the posterior wall of the pelvis • articulates with L5 superiorly, and with the hip bones

  10. Coccyx • Coccyx (Tailbone) • 4 (occasionally 3 - 5) fused vertebrae that articulate superiorly with the sacrum

  11. Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage) • thoracic vertebrae –_____________ • Ribs- ________ • Sternum and costal cartilages- _____________

  12. Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage) • Functions: • Forms a _____________________________ around the heart, lungs, and great blood vessels • Supports the shoulder girdles and upper limbs • Provides __________________________ for many neck, back, chest, and shoulder muscles • Uses _________________________ muscles to lift and depress the thorax during _____________________________________

  13. Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage) Figure 7.19b

  14. Sternum (Breastbone) • A dagger-shaped, flat bone that lies in the ________________________ midline of the ________________________.

  15. Ribs • ____________________ pairs of ribs • All ribs attach _________________________ to the thoracic vertebrae • Superior 7 pair (“true ribs”) attach directly to the _______________________ via costal cartilages • Ribs 8-10 (“false ribs”) attach indirectly to the sternum via ______________________________ • Ribs 11-12 (“floating ribs”) have _____________ ________________________________________

  16. Thoracic Cage

  17. Appendicular Skeleton • Limbs and their girdles: • Pectoral girdles attach the ____________________ to the body trunk • Pelvic girdle secures the __________________________________

  18. Pectoral Girdles (Shoulder Girdles) • ______________________ (“collar bone”) and • ______________________ (“shoulder blade”) • attach the upper limbs to the ___________________________ skeleton in a manner that allows for maximum movement • provide ______________________________ points for muscles that move the upper limbs

  19. Pectoral Girdles (Shoulder Girdles) Figure 7.22a

  20. Clavicles (Collarbones) • Slender, doubly curved long bones lying across the _______________________________________ • The ____________________________ (lateral) end articulates with the scapula, and the ________________________________ (medial) end articulates with the sternum • Provide attachment points for numerous muscles, and act as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out laterally away from the body

  21. Clavicles (Collarbones) Figure 7.22b, c

  22. Scapulae (Shoulder Blades) • Triangular, flat bones lying on the dorsal surface of the rib cage, between the second and seventh ribs

  23. Scapulae (lateral view) Figure 7.22f

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