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Unrest of 1848: Challenges, Ideals, and Empires

The year 1848 witnessed widespread upheaval in Europe marked by corrupt leaders, high food prices, and unemployment propelling the working class to demand social and political reforms. Led by Louis Blanc, their goals included more legislative representation and work programs. The French Revolution in 1848 resulted in casualties, while Louis Napoleon assumed absolute power as Emperor in France. Feminism gained momentum, and figures like Louis Kossuth fought for Hungarian independence. The March Laws in the Habsburg Empire attempted reforms like religious equality and free press. Various revolts across Europe, like the Magyars and Pan-Slavic Congress, aimed for national equality but faced challenges. Attempts at Italian unification by Mazzini and Garibaldi failed, and the Frankfurt Parliament's aspirations for a united Germany faltered due to conservative opposition and Austria's complexities, ultimately rejected by Frederick William IV.

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Unrest of 1848: Challenges, Ideals, and Empires

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  1. Revolutions of 1848

  2. 1.) Right for revolution? • Corrupt Leaders • High Food prices • High Unemployment

  3. 2.) Goals of the working class • Social and political reforms • Led by Louis Blanc- Organization of Labor • More representation in legislature • Work programs for the unemployed • Unsuccessful- conservatives feared liberal agenda

  4. 3.) French Revolution of 1848 • 3,000 killed

  5. 4.) Louis Napoleon (III) • Conservative ruler • Ruled without the National Assembly • Declared himself Emperor

  6. 5.) Feminism in France

  7. 6.) Louis Kossuth • A Magyar who called for the liberation Hungary from Habsburg control.

  8. 7.) Uprising in Vienna • The imperial government emancipated the serfs.

  9. 8.) March Laws- Habsburg Empire • Equality of Religion • Jury Trials • Election of lower chamber • Free press • Taxes paid by nobility

  10. 9.) Pan-Slavic Congress • Called for national equality of the Slavs within the Habsburg Empire. • Unsuccessful

  11. 10.) Magyars, Hungarians Revolt • Nicholas I of Russia sends 200k troops to aid the Habsburgs.

  12. 11.) Mazzini and Garibaldi • Attempt to unify Italy, failed.

  13. 12.) Frankfurt Parliament • Provide a liberal constitution for a united Germany • Failed because: • It alienated the conservatives and working class • Floundered on unification, Austria? • Frederick William IV refused to sign it.

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