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Endocrine Review Pituitary-ADH

Endocrine Review Pituitary-ADH. Diabetes Inspidus Little or no ADH Copious amount of urine output Excessive thirst Increased serum osmolality Decreased urine osmolality Hyper natremia. SIADH Hyper secretion of ADH Hold water, but release NA,K+ Decreased urine output

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Endocrine Review Pituitary-ADH

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  1. Endocrine ReviewPituitary-ADH Diabetes Inspidus • Little or no ADH • Copious amount of urine output • Excessive thirst • Increased serum osmolality • Decreased urine osmolality • Hypernatremia SIADH • Hyper secretion of ADH • Hold water, but release NA,K+ • Decreased urine output • Decreased serum osmolality • Increased urine osmolalitly • Hyponatremia • Weight gain without edema • Thirst but due to hyponatremia

  2. Endocrine ReviewThyroid gland T3-T4 Hypothyroidism (myxedema) • Decreased metabolic rate • Lack of energy cold intolerance • Decrease metabolism • Menstrual irregularities • Puffy face • Possible goiter • Coma d/t slow metabolic rate • Synthroid Hyperthyroidism (Graves Disease) • Increased metabolic Rate • Palpitations • Cardiac Arrhythmias • Tremors • Goiter from over stimulation and increase in size • Diet-increase protein, calories, carbs, salt • Radioactive iodine • PTU, Propacil • Surgery

  3. Endocrine ReviewThyroid gland Thyroidectomy • Complications • Nerve damage • Respiratory distress • Bleeding • Thyroid storm • Chvosteck’s sign • Trousseau’s sign • Hypocalcemia • Thyrotoxic Crisis • Hyperpyrexia • Increased respirations • Tachycardia (200bpm) • Cardiac arrhythmias • Hypertension • Coma • Treatment • Steroids • Propranolol • Antithyroid

  4. Endocrine ReviewParathyroid gland (PTH) • Increase absorption of Ca+ and phosphate from bones and food • Activates vitamin D • Increases re absorption of Ca+ by kidneys • Increases excretion of phosphate by kidneys

  5. Endocrine ReviewParathyroid gland (PTH) • Hypoparathyroidism • Decrease Ca+ levels • High Phosphorus levels • Tetany • + Chvosteck’s sign • + Trousseau’s sigh • Hyperparathyroidism • Increased Ca+ • Decreased urinary excretion of Ca+ • Increases excretion of phosphate • Demineralization of the bones • May lead to kidney stones • Muscle weakness • Heart failure

  6. Endocrine ReviewAdrenal Glands • Cortex –secretes cortisol, aldosterone • Medulla- secretes neurohormones • Salt, sugar and sex

  7. Endocrine ReviewAdrenal Glands • Pheochromocytoma • Unstable HTN • Palpitations • Anxiety • Hyperglycemia • Fight of flight response • Treatment • 24 hour urine for epinephrines • Alpha-blocking agents • Beta- blocking agents

  8. Endocrine ReviewAdrenal Glands • Addison’s Disease • Hypo secretion of cortisol and aldosterone • Auto immune • Steroids • Chronic infection • Hypotension/hypovolemia • Increased urinary excretion of Na+ and H20 • Elevated K+ • Hypoglycemia • Weakness and fatigue • Cushing’s Syndrome • Hyper secretion of cortisol and ACTH • Tumors • ACTH • Prolonged use of steroids • Elevated blood sugar • Hypertension • Inability to fight infection • Moon face • Bone osteoporosis • Hypo k+ • Water and NA+ retention/edema

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