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Chapter 12 STRESS, COPING & HEALTH

Chapter 12 STRESS, COPING & HEALTH. Biopsychosocial Model *. Defined*: the interactions between biological, psychological, and social variables. Health Psychology* : the study of determining the importance of psychological factors in illness, & prevention and health maintenance. Stress*.

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Chapter 12 STRESS, COPING & HEALTH

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  1. Chapter 12 STRESS, COPING & HEALTH

  2. Biopsychosocial Model * Defined*: the interactions between biological, psychological, and social variables. Health Psychology* : the study of determining the importance of psychological factors in illness, & prevention and health maintenance.

  3. Stress* Defined*: a circumstance that threatens or is perceived to threaten people’s well being and affects their coping ability

  4. 4 Types of Stress* Frustration: occurs in any situation when things don’t go your way Change: any noticeable change in your life that requires a readjustment Pressure: expectations or demands that you behave in a certain way, such as pressure to perform or to comply Conflict: when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression.

  5. Social Readjustment Rating Scale* The Social Readjustment Rating Scale* (SRRS): developed to measure life change as a form of stress, giving higher points (life change units) for more stressful events. • Life Events: rated for their stress potential. • Predictive for illness • Daily Hassles * • Minor events – an argument, lost keys • Predictive for mental and physical health problems

  6. Social Readjustment Rating Scale*

  7. General Adaptation Syndrome Three stage response to long-term stress. 1. Alarm * Body releases stress hormones, 2. Resistance * Body adapts to threat; tries to return to normal functions 3. Exhaustion * Reserves gone; immunity & organs fail

  8. Coping • Defined: Coping refers to efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress.

  9. Coping Constructive Coping: healthy behavioral efforts to deal with stressful events. • Changing cognitive appraisals • Confronting problems actively and directly • Learning to manage stress-related emotions more effectively. ‪ Defensive Coping: unhealthy behavioral efforts/avoidance to deal with stressful events • Defense Mechanisms (Freud) • Self-Deception • Distorting Reality

  10. Stress Response Stress responses are complex and varied, and can lead to several different emotions • Negative reaction: • self-blame guilt, helplessness to sadness, etc. • Positive reaction: • Adapt and overcome  use and improve problem solving skills and reduce the bad effects of stress “Mind over matter, if you don’t mind, it don’t [sic] matter” -D.S. Hunt

  11. Stress & the Immune System Stress has also been shown to decrease the immune response • Defensive reaction to invasion by: • Bacteria • Viral agents • Other foreign substances • Decreasing white blood cells called lymphocytes.

  12. Resistance to Effects of Stress • Individual Differences • Age • Exercise • Diet • Social Support • Health • Genes

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