Transatlantic Economy and Trade Wars in 16 th and 17 th Century

1. Transatlantic Economy and Trade Wars in 16th and 17th Century

2. Recommended Viewing Historical Origins Treaty of Madrid in 1750 Spain ceded Jesuit Paraguay to the Portuguese Narrator of the Film is the Voice of a Real Jesuit Priest, Father Luis Altamirano Film portrays a hybrid of the Guarani War and Early Exploration/Missionary work The Mission: Catholicism and Politics in the New World Parental Consent Advised

3. Mercantilism and Colonialism

4. Mercantilist Goals • International trade dominated by government regulation with the goal of increasing a nations wealth. • The nation wanted to have a favorable trade balance of gold and silver. Bullion=Power • Mercantilism led to the expansion of agriculture, industrial advancements, and global trade. • Created significant competition. The state with the most money wins

5. Major Players • Portugal • England • Spain • Netherlands • France

6. Colonialism • Governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people. • Spain • Colonized all of South America accept Brazil. • The monarchy maintained monopolies of all ports • Casa de Contratacion (Council) and the Consul ado (Guilds) • The Flota (Fleet), vulnerable to competition and attack (Piracy) • England • Along the north Atlantic seaboard. • Were not represented in parliament but parliament passed all laws over colonies. • Colonies develop democratic and capitalist culture. • Competition with the French and Spanish in New World

7. Colonization of the New World

8. Colonialism • France • Northern Africa, Asia, St. Lawrence River Valley and the Ohio and Mississippi River Valley. • Governed by the monarchy, Royal Governors • Louis’s drawn into continental conflict which impacts colonial holdings. • “Second Hundred Years War” (1744-1815) • Legacy: New Orleans, French Caribbean, French Africa and Quebec. Francophone

9. SLAVERY

10. Economic Foundations of Slavery • Slavery had previously existed throughout European History (Ancient Rome, Greece, Indentured Servants) • Portuguese and Spanish overseas empires used the people that they conquered as their slaves • They had plantation economies based on slave labor • Slave markets on Western African Coast shipped slaves to the Americas

11. The English emigrants in North America hope to become a New Landed Aristocracy. Role model: English Country Squire Slaves replace peasantry as the agrarian laborer force.

12. Triangle Trade • As people realized that the Americas had fertile land for crops and they needed more labor they sent over slaves from Africa  triangle trade • Traded items: Guns, sugar, fish, rum, textiles, tobacco, cotton lumber, manufactured goods & SLAVES!! • Britain, The Americas, The West Indies, and Africa involved in the Route • System is most profitable for mother country, however American industry prospers. Particularly in New England.

13. Transportation: The Journey Across the Atlantic • Thrown on crowded, smelly, disease infested ships • The Ride across the Atlantic was long and many slaves died during the journey • Slaves were starving and exhausted after the long trip

14. A Slave’s Experience • Once arrived slaves were subjected to the process of seasoning: • got new names, acquired new work skills, and learned to some extent the language of the Americans – Fattened • Daily life • Hard agricultural labor, poor diet, inadequate housing, corporal punishment. • Slaves were separated from their families, and tribes. • Separation key to compliance

15. European Wars The War of Jenkins Ear 1739, West Indies War of Austrian Succession 1740-1748 Europe creates alliances to maintain a Balance of Power (Often Changes) Establishes France v. England The Seven Years War French and Indian War European Rivalries create conflict in the New World William Pitt and Victory in North America Treaty of Paris 1763 War and Revolution: Economic Competition and Colonial Conflict

16. The American Revolution 1. Britain neglects colonies as it pursues interests around the world. a. Salutary Neglect b. French and Indian wars 2. King turns to colonies to help pay war debt a. Mercantilism – Prevalent economic system in most of Europe that ties national government to trade. Basic concept, the country with the most money in the royal treasury wins. b. Colonial Taxes significantly lower than British Citizens. 3. Taxation without representation a. America has a unique situation, most colonists are English citizens born with the same rights. b. Stamp Act, Intolerable Act, Quartering Act etc. c. Violation of English Tradition, Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, and Petition of Rights. 4. Stamp Act Congress, First Continental Congress a. Goal was to petition the King and Parliament to address grievances. b. Separation was not a prevalent thought Seeds of Discontent in British North America.

17. Road to Revolution 5. Second Continental Congress a. Representatives united by increased British aggression b. “The shot heard round the world”, Lexington and Concord c. Boston besieged, Colonial Army Sent to Boston d. Olive Branch Petition, one last attempt at making peace e. King George rejects petition and sends 20,000 troops f. Thomas Paine, “Common Sense” g. Goal becomes independence. Please See Online Assessments: Thanksgiving Break Assessment Have a wonderful Break! Begin Chapter 17 and do Key Terms