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POLITICS AND THE WARS OR RELIGION IN THE 16 TH CENTURY

POLITICS AND THE WARS OR RELIGION IN THE 16 TH CENTURY. By mid 16 th it was militant Catholicism v. militant Calvinism -> spread their word and defeat the other side This was a religious/spiritual struggle -> leads to wars of religion

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POLITICS AND THE WARS OR RELIGION IN THE 16 TH CENTURY

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  1. POLITICS AND THE WARS OR RELIGION IN THE 16TH CENTURY • By mid 16th it was militant Catholicism v. militant Calvinism -> spread their word and defeat the other side • This was a religious/spiritual struggle -> leads to wars of religion • Economic, social, and political factors are involved in these conflicts

  2. THE FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION1562-1598 • HUGUENOTS • ULTRA-CATHOLICS = the Guise • Towns and nobles joined the Huguenots -> to resist the monarchy • POLITIQUES • Massacre at Vassy • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • Henry of Navarre • The Holy League and Henry of Guise • King Henry III • The War of the Three Henries 1588-1589 • Henry of Navarre crowned King Henry IV -> converts to Catholicism “Paris is worth a Mass” Henry VI issues EDICT OF NANTES 1598 = legal toleration for Hugs/Prots

  3. PHILIP II AND THE CAUSE OF MILITANT CATHOLICISM • King Philip II of Spain (1556-1598) • Son and heir of Charles V • Militant Catholic • Reigns during the “siglod’oro”/golden age of Spain • Controlled Spain, Netherlands, S. Italy, New World colonies • Make Spain the dominant power in Europe • Financed by new world gold and silver -> leads to inflation -> taxes and borrowing -> repudiation of debt -> decline of Spain after Philip • Lead struggle against the Muslim Ottoman Turks -> Battle of Lepanto 1571 • Lead crusade against Protestantism • The Dutch Revolt • Struggle with Queen Elizabeth of England

  4. EL ESCORIAL

  5. THE REVOLT OF THE NETHERLANDS • The Spanish Netherlands 1. 2. 3. Rebellion against Philip II 1. 2.

  6. THE DUTCH REVOLT • Begins in 1566 • The Duke of Alva -> sent by Philip II to crush the revolt with an army of ten thousand • The Council of Blood -> organizes a reign over terror against protestants • William the Silent -> leader of the Dutch protestants • Duke of Parma -> new leader sent by Philip and splits the south and the north • Union of Arras 1579 -> southern provinces remain loyal to Spain • Union of Utrecht -> protestant union of the 7 northern provinces • The United Provinces -> the Dutch Republic 1648

  7. THE ENGLAND OF ELIZABETH • Mary dies in 1558 • Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) • Lays foundations for world power • Period of cultural renaissance in England • Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn • Elizabeth’s religious views • Protestant • Moderation and compromise

  8. QUEEN ELIZABETH I • THE ELIZABETHAN SETTLEMENT • MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS • PURITANS • GOVERNMENT AND FOREIGN POLICY • FRANCIS DRAKE AND THE SEA DOGS • ELIZABETH AND THE DUTCH REVOLT • ELIZABETH v. PHILIP II • THE SPANISH ARMADA • “The Golden Speech”

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