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Understanding Alopecia and Vitiligo: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention

Learn about hair loss (alopecia) and skin pigmentation disorder (vitiligo), including causes, treatment options, and prevention strategies. Explore the types, pathogenesis, natural course, and associated diseases of these conditions.

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Understanding Alopecia and Vitiligo: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention

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  1. . X Alopecia None Scaring (Reversible) Scaring (Irreversible) Alajlan/Alopecia

  2. Introduction & definition • Alopecia = HAIR LOSS • Basic hair anatomy and Physiology • Hair growth is very dynamic • Vellus and Terminal hair

  3. Introduction & definition • Alopecia = HAIR LOSS • Basic hair anatomy and Physiology • Hair growth is very dynamic • Vellus and Terminal hair • How many hairs in the body? 5 millions hairs; 100,000 in the scalp • Growth rate? 0.3mm/day for scalp hair

  4. Androgenetic Alopecia (Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss)

  5. Male Pattern Hair Loss

  6. Female Pattern Hair Loss

  7. Androgenetic Alopecia • Androgenetic Alopecia affects up to 50% of males and 40% of females • Autosomal dominant with variable penetrance • 85% : +ve family history • Role of androgens in the pathogenesis:

  8. Systemic Treatment 5 ALPHA Reductase X Fenastride Testosterone DihydorTestosterone (Active) Miniaturization of Terminal Hairs

  9. Topical Treatment Minoxidil 2% and 5% Solution (uncertain mechanism)

  10. Alopecia Areata

  11. Alopecia Areata • Alopecia Areata affects up to 2% • 30%: +ve Family history • 75% : Self recovery • Role of immune system in the pathogenesis • Types of alopecia areata: - localized partial - localized extensive - alopecia totalis - alopecia universalis

  12. Treatment • …

  13. Treatment 2. Intralesional Corticosteroids

  14. Skin Sensitizers • (Immune modulating Rx) • Diphencyclopropenone (DPCP) • Anthraline • others

  15. Other Rx • Topical steroids • Systemic Steroids • Cytotoxic Rx • Phototherapy • Minoxidil • Hair Transplant X

  16. Anagen effluvium Telogen effluvium

  17. Anagen effluvium • Always related cytotoxic chemotherapy • Acute and severe alopecia • Mostly reversible but not always

  18. Telogen effluviumChronic alopecia Anemia with chronic disease • Common and None specific • Additional cause: • drugs • Weight loss • Acute blood loss • General anasthesia • Low iron • Others • Reversible (but may be become chronic) • Could it be preventable?

  19. Vitiligo Alajlan/Vitiligo

  20. Vitiligo • Introduction to skin pigments Alajlan/Vitiligo

  21. Vitiligo • Introduction to skin pigments • Definition • Types: localized and generalized • Pathogenesis • Other associated diseases • Natural course • Treatment Alajlan/Vitiligo

  22. Treatment • No single effective Rx • Topicals: .Corticosteroids .Immunomodulators • Light Therapy: 1. UVA or UVB 2. UVA + Psoralen = PUVA (Topical and Systemic) 3. UVB = Laser • Systemic Treatment: NOT USED • Surgical Rx: .Melanocyte Transplant .Skin Grafts Transplant • Bleaching Agents: Depigment all skin Alajlan/Vitiligo

  23. Treatment Pearls • Tips of fingers and toes • Lips • Bony prominence • Recurrence • Rarely 100% repigmentation for large area • Adverse effect of Rx Alajlan/Vitiligo

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