Lt. Gen. FINOCCHIO Ing. Pietro Italian Ministry of Defense General Directorate TELEDIFE

1. HOMELAND SECURITY AND NATIONAL DEFENCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY There can be no freedom without security (Wilhelm von Humboldt) Corso di introduzione alla “Sicurezza e Protezione delle Infrastrutture Critiche” Milano 5th February 2010 Lt. Gen. FINOCCHIO Ing. Pietro Italian Ministry of Defense General Directorate TELEDIFE

2. Contents • The new world scenario • National Defence – Homeland Protection • Network Enabled Capability • Italian NEC technological building blocks • The NEC implementation in Italy • Conclusions

3. Contents • The new world scenario • National Defence – Homeland Protection • Network Enabled Capability • Italian NEC technological building blocks • The NEC implementation in Italy • Conclusions

4. World scenario changes Post Year 2001 Cold War Cold War 1989 2001

5. The new world scenario GAP CORE

6. The new world scenario

7. Contents • The new world scenario • National Defence – Homeland Protection • Network Enabled Capability • Italian NEC technological building blocks • The NEC implementation in Italy • Conclusions

8. National Defence – Homeland Protection Homeland Security HOMELAND => PATRIA SECURITY => protection of real structure (as Electricity, Transportation, Banking, Telecom, ….) and virtual structure (as cyber transactions) while preserving the PRIVACY

9. National Defence – Homeland Protection The extended vision of security Homeland Security should include not only people and land of the Nation, but also its culture, traditions, and ideal accomplishments that have flourished over the centuries Homeland Security implies the “Patrie” defence

10. National Defence – Homeland Protection National Defence (Homeland Protection) Cooperation Military Defence (Homeland Defence) Civilian Defence (Homeland Security) • Armed Forces • Police forces • Fire brigade • Civil protection • …….

11. National Defence – Homeland Protection Cooperation Military Defence (Homeland Defence) Civilian Defence (Homeland Security) • Large events inside the country • CIMIC (Civil Military Co-operation) in military operations outside the country • Dual use systems

12. National Defence – Homeland Protection Armed Forces Some of the contributes to Homeland Security • Intelligence capabilities • Support to sensible targets protection • Defence against CBRN (Chemical, Bacteriological, Radiologic and Nuclear) attack • Reconstruction in case of natural catastrophic events

13. Contents • The new world scenario • National Defence – Homeland Protection • Network Enabled Capability • Italian NEC technological building blocks • The NEC implementation in Italy • Conclusions

14. Modern military operations New world scenario requires new capabilities for the armed forces Expeditionary Demassification Survivability and protection Homeland Security CIMIC Cooperation C4ISTAR

15. Modern military operations New world scenario requires modern military operations with following main characteristics • Dynamic • Lives • At risk on a daily basis • Increased operational tempo • Time as critical factor • Effect Based Network Centric Operations

16. Modern military operations Modern Operations can be implemented thanks to the net-centric doctrine Network Enabled Capability, linking together sensors, decision makers, and effectors in a seamless, collaborative, environment is the key enabler element of the net-centric doctrine

17. NEC transformation process Net-enabled systems available on Network Information Infrastructure Future System Engineering Architectural Framework Today Work in progress Building Blocks Standards System Engineering Stovepipe Systems Point to Point Connections Yesterday

18. Standards and Architectural Framework INTERNATIONAL • STANAGs (Standardization Agreements) • ADatP (Allied Data Procedure) • NAF (NATO Architectural Framework)

19. Standards INDUSTRIAL NCOIC mission is to facilitate global realization of the benefit inherent in Network Centric Operations. To that end, NCOIC seeks to enable continuously increasing levels of interoperability across the spectrum of joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational industrial and commercial operations.

20. Standards Tools already defined by NCOIC • NIFTM (NCOIC Interoperability Framework) NIF provides a repository for organizing the enabling guidance developed by NCOIC. NIF affords interoperability implementation guidance to allow firms to develop system elements/nodes interoperable with systems/nodes being developed by others • NCATTM (Network Centric Assessment Tool) The purpose of NCAT is to measure Network Centric interoperability of reference models, architectures, systems, programs, organizations or capabilities • SCOPE (Systems, Capabilities, Operations, Programs and Enterprises) The SCOPE model is designed to characterize interoperability-relevant aspects or capabilities of a system or set of systems over a network • NCOIC Patterns A pattern is a canonical solution to a problem. NCOIC Patterns typically show relationships among entities involved in Network-Centric Operations

21. Standards and Architectural Framework NATIONAL • MDAF (Ministry of Defence Architectural Framework) compliant to NAF (NATO Architectural Framework) • NATO Standards • NCOIC tools under evaluation and waiting for a general consensus on their adoption

22. System Engineering The traditional approach Requirements 5 – 15 years cycle Design System Operational Exp.

23. System Engineering Complex systems require a new approach System of Systems Modeling & Simulation System Engineering Operational Scenarios Design Performances Capabilities Services Stovepipe systems System System System

24. System Engineering The new characteristics of system engineering Analysis of existing performances and services Collection of system views to make the Architectural Framework Definition of global services Development of system oriented architecture Validation of the system model using the simulation Implementation of new complex systems Implementation of systems of systems

25. System Engineering New complex systems Network-centric (technical) War fighter-centric (operational) Sensible to changes in the operational context Self organizing to adapt to operational needs Systems of Systems

26. Contents • The new world scenario • National Defence – Homeland Protection • Network Enabled Capability • Italian NEC technological building blocks • The NEC implementation in Italy • Conclusions

27. Main technological challenges AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE merging strategic and tactical networks without differences between physical media Bandwidth Convergence of network protocols on IPv6 ONLY ONE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL in order to support all services in a secure environment

28. Main technological challenges NEW TELECOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENTS it will not be possible anymore to separate TLC, computing and crypto components in the view of QUALITY of SERVICE Switching Nodes always in a secure environment

29. Main technological challenges NEW SENSORS it is needed to develop a new generation of sensor to improve friendly force identification and control of battlefield area Sensors always in a secure environment

30. Main technological challenges Information & integration services Almost all the present SOFTWARE performs data management, whose aggregates constitute INFORMATION. In the future it will be necessary to manage INFORMATIONAGGREGATES which will provide KNOWLEDGE Operational Services and Network Services It will be necessary to develop the software to assure OPERATIONALSERVICES (i.e. deployable in operations) and SERVICES TO THE USERS (information and communications security) always in a secure environment

31. Technological building blocks Communications Tactical level • Software Defined Radio • TDL implementation (Link 16, Link 22, VMF) Infrastructure level • Fiber Optic Network • Satellite communication (SICRAL, ATHENA FIDUS)

32. Technological building blocks Command and Control • NEC Force, SIACCON, SICCONA (Army) • ACCS, SICCAM (Air Force) • MCCIS (Navy) • C2I Defence (Joint) • MAJIIC (Joint) • ALTBMD (Joint)

33. Technological building blocks Surveillance • NGIFF/BTID • Battlefield Surveillance Radar • Air Defense System • VTS • UAV (Predator, Falco) • Earth Observation Satellite (HELIOS, COSMO Sky-Med, MUSIS)

34. Contents • The new world scenario • National Defence – Homeland Protection • Network Enabled Capability • Italian NEC technological building blocks • The NEC implementation in Italy • Conclusions

35. NEC implementation Strategy for the development of national NEC in Italy Follow NATO guidelines Implement them “tailoring” on national ambition within a national road-map Assure their applicability also to Home Land Security purpose

36. NEC implementation Italian Approach

37. NEC implementation DEVELOPMENT PLAN Definition and development of Modeling & Simulation national capability with configuration and set up of national Centre of Excellence New approach for organization with configuration and set up of National Coordination Centre Definition and development of national C4ISTAR Reference Architecture Definition and development of national Defense Information Infrastructure

38. NEC implementation NEW APPROACH FOR ORGANIZATION New centralized organization within the C4I Department of Defense Staff for the development of the future C4ISTAR Architecture and the definition of plans for NCW Transformation

39. NEC implementation GLII – Global Information infrastructure (Europe and NATO) Information Infrastructures NII – National Information Infrastructure HLSII – Homeland Security Information Infrastructure DII – Defense Information Infrastructure The DII concept is derived from the results of NCW national study

40. NEC implementation Defense Information Infrastructure Objectives • Rationalize and modernize the common info-structure in order to be able to provide fundamental services as established in a Service Oriented Architecture • Become the reference for the connectivity of institutional offices • Enhance the geographical connectivity with Information Exchange Gateways 40

41. NEC implementation Modeling & Simulation national capability Configuration and set up of national Centre of Excellence to support the NEC implementation 41

42. NEC implementation Centre of Excellence support to NEC implementation NEC Implementation Concept Development and Experimentation Doctrine Develop & Standards Evaluation & Training Analysis Centres of Excellence

43. Contents • The new world scenario • National Defence – Homeland Protection • Network Enabled Capability • Italian NEC technological building blocks • The NEC implementation in Italy • Conclusions

44. CONCLUSIONS Today The cooperation between the Armed Forces and the Civilian Forces for the Homeland Security is mainly achieved putting together representatives of the different organizations in the same operational room NEC Transformation In the future Following the NEC transformation, the operational systems of the different organizations (military and civilian) will be federated through the network a common shared situation awareness. This new approach will increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the operations

45. CONCLUSIONS • The challenge of NEC transformation is to put together all the building blocks in a coherent Network Centric interoperable environment • Italian Armed Forces has already done much to transform but much remains to do to delivery efficient end effective systems

46. CONCLUSIONS Italian Ministry of Defense National Armament Directorate VIDEO

47. Thank you for your attention Lt. Gen. FINOCCHIO Ing. Pietro