Regional Salmon Plan

1. Regional Salmon Plan

2. January 21, 2009 Forks

11. Regional Salmon Plan Four Coast Region Lead Entities, Governor’s Salmon Recovery Office, Makah, Quileute, Hoh, Quinault, Chehalis Tribes, WDFW, The Wild Fish Conservancy, USFS, USFWS, Green Crow, Rayonier, Washington Forest Protection Association The Wild Salmon Center The Nature Conservancy

12. Coast Region Salmon Plan “Scope” All of Washington’s watersheds which drain directly into the Pacific Ocean between Cape Flattery in the north and Cape Disappointment in the south, together with their inland, estuarine and nearshore environments, lying within all or parts of Clallam, Jefferson, Grays Harbor, Pacific, Cowlitz, Mason, Lewis and Thurston Counties.

13. Coast Region Salmon Plan “Focal Targets” Lakes • Headwaters/Uplands • Wetland and Off-Channel • Tributaries • Lakes • Mainstems • Estuaries • Nearshore Marine • Ocean Nearshore Marine Tributaries Mainstems Ocean Wetland and Off-Channel Estuaries Headwaters/ Uplands

14. Headwaters/Uplands All landscape areas within a given drainage from its ridgeline down to 20% gradient, above Salmonid access Wetlandsand Off-Channel Everything that salmon can get into that is not a mainstem, tributary, lake, estuary, nearshore, or ocean Tributaries Streams with mean annual flow less than 1,000 cfs to the upper extent of Salmonid access Lakes Coast Region Sockeye Lakes: Ozette, Pleasant and Quinault Mainstems Rivers and Streams with mean annual flow of 1,000 CFS or greater (Shorelines of State Significance) Estuaries From the head of tide to the outermost headlands separating the estuary from the ocean Nearshore The Photic zone up to the ordinary high water line (< 60 ft) Ocean Everything waterward of 60 ft.

15. Salmon Life Stages Target: Salmon Habitat Key Species What about the fish?

16. Wetlands- Spawning/Rearing Coho, Cutthroat • Off ChannelJuvenile Rearing/ForagingCoho, Cutthroat • Juvenile Refugia/Holding Coho, Cutthroat • Adult Migration/Staging Coho, Cutthroat Tributaries Spawning/Incubation Chum, Coho, Sockeye, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat Juvenile Rearing/Foraging Coho, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat Juvenile Outmigration Chum, Coho, Sockeye, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat • Adult Migration Chum, Coho, Sockeye, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat • Lakes Spawning/Incubation Sockeye • Juvenile Rearing/Foraging Coho, Sockeye • Adult Migration/Staging Bull Trout, Sockeye, Steelhead (f/w phenotype), Cutthroat • MainstemsSpawning/Incubation Chinook, Steelhead • Juvenile Rearing/Foraging Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat • Adult migration/staging Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Sockeye, Chum, Bull Trout, Cutthroat • Juvenile Outmigration Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Sockeye, Chum, Bull Trout, Cutthroat Estuaries Juvenile Rearing/Foraging Chum, Chinook, Coho Juvenile Outmigration Chum, Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Sockeye, Bull Trout, Cutthroat Adult Foraging Bull Trout, Cutthroat Adult Migration/Staging Chum, Coho Chinook, Steelhead, Cutthroat Nearshore Juvenile Rearing/Foraging Chinook, Bull Trout, Cutthroat Adult Migration/Foraging Bull Trout, Cutthroat OceanJuvenile Foraging Chinook, Coho, Chum Sockeye Steelhead • Adult ForagingChinook, Coho, Chum Sockeye Steelhead

18. What is critical for salmon viability or health? Tributaries Spawning & Incubation Water Quality, Riparian Condition, LWD, Floodplain Connectivity, Sediment Needs, Water Quantity

19. What is critical for salmon viability or health? Tributaries Spawning & Incubation Water Quality, Riparian Condition, LWD, Floodplain Connectivity, Sediment Needs, Water Quantity Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity

20. Tributaries Water Quality – Temperature Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen Water Quality – Turbidity Riparian Condition – Buffer Width Riparian Condition – Condition/Composition Large Woody Debris Floodplain Connectivity – Aquatic Types and Conditions Sediment Needs – Fines and Embeddedness Sediment Needs – Gravel Forage Abundance – Macroinvertebrates Forage Abundance – Marine Derived Nutrients Abundance – Run Size Water Quantity – Hyrdrology Pool Frequency and Quality

21. Headwaters/Uplands Water Quality – Temperature Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen Water Quality – Turbidity Uplands Condition – Buffer Width Uplands Condition - Condition/Composition Sediment Needs – Gravel Water Quantity – Seral Stage Wetlands Water Quality – Temperature Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen Water Quality – Turbidity Riparian Condition – Buffer Width Riparian Condition - Condition/Composition Floodplain Connectivity – Habitat Refugia Sediment Needs – Fines and Embeddedness In-Water Vegetation – Presence of Native Vegetation Species

22. Lakes Water Quality – Temperature Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen Water Quality – Turbidity Riparian Condition – Buffer Width Riparian Condition – Condition/Composition Forage Abundance Mainstems Water Quality - Temperature Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen Water Quality – Turbidity Riparian Condition – Buffer Width Riparian Condition – Composition Large Woody Debris Floodplain Connectivity – Aquatic Types and Conditions Sediment Needs – Fines and Embeddedness Abundance – Run Size

23. Estuaries Water Quality – Temperature Water Quality - Dissolved Oxygen Water Quality – Sediment/Nutrient Inputs Large Woody Debris Riparian Condition – Buffer Width Riparian Condition – Composition Forage Abundance – Mudflat Productivity Forage Abundance – Surf Smelt Eggs Estuarine Extent – Estuarine Quantity Abundance – Run Size Nearshore Marine Water Quality – % Coverage of Eelgrass in reference areas Water Quality – Available forage in the nearshore Water Quality – % Coverage of Kelp in reference areas Ocean PDO – Annual Trend in the PDO Index ENSO – MEI (multivariate ENSO index) Forage Abundance – Annual Copepod Diversity Index Juvenile Salmon Abundance – Annual June Spring Juvenile Chinook Sampling – Annual September Juvenile Coho Sampling Water Quality – Ocean Acidity

24. What is critical for salmon viability or health? Tributaries Spawning & Incubation Water Quality, Riparian Condition, LWD, Floodplain Connectivity, Sediment Needs, Water Quantity Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity With a Rating of Current and Desired Status

26. Making Endangered Species Act Determinations of Effect for Individual or Grouped Actions at the Watershed Scale, prepared by the National Marine Fisheries Service Environmental and Technical Services Division, Habitat Conservation Branch, August 1996, Table 3-3. Centralia Flood Damage Reduction Project, Chehalis River, Washington, Final Environmental Impact Statement, Appendix A: Fish, Riparian, and Wildlife Habitat Study, June 2003, US Army Corps of Engineers. Pacific Salmon Life History, Edited By C. Groot and L. Margolis, 1991, "Life History of Sockeye Salmon" by R. Burgner, pp. 41-42. Forest Practices Habitat Conservation Plan, p. 211, DNR, and Ecosystem Management Assessment Team Report, p. V-35, USFS, NMFS, BLM, USFWS, NPS, EPA DOE Water Quality Standards; Chapter 173-201 WAC Ocean Acidification in Washington, presentation at Ocean Caucus Public Meeting in Westport, WA, April 17, 2010 by Dr. Adrienne Sutton, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Lab WCSSP Planning Committee Work Group

27. LAKES HEADWATERS/UPLANDS WETLANDS AND OFF-CHANNEL MAINSTEMS TRIBUTARIES

28. Threats Workshop September 14, 2010 Ocean Shores Convention Center

30. Magnitude Threat Rating

31. WA Coast Regional Salmon Action Plan Version: 2010-10-11 Threat Ratings – Summary Table

32. Critical Threats to Salmon Sustainability in the Coast Region Climate Change Invasive Species Harvest and Inappropriate Hatchery Management Poor Logging Practices (past and current) Oil Spills Residential and Commercial Development Dredging/Filling Removal and/or Lack of Large Woody Debris Shoreline Modification (levees, dikes, armoring, bulkheads, docks) Poor Agricultural Practices Roads and Related Transportation Infrastructure/ Culverts and Bridges Stormwater and Wastewater Pollution

33. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER FOR SITUATION ANALYSIS DEVELOPMENT Proposed strategies Which are the general lines of action (broad based course of action or high-level strategic themes) we think will significantly contribute to Salmonid Restoration in the Washington Coast Region? Negative contributing factors Which are the most relevant factors (specific practices, stakeholders, incentives and motivations) contributing to critical threats? Information gaps and research needs Are there any important areas of uncertainty in our diagram? Positive contributing factors Are there any relevant opportunities (specific practices, stakeholders, incentive and motivations) which contribute to a solution? Strategies Workshop November 3 and 4, 2010 Ocean Shores Shilo Inn Key intervention points for ALL Which are the key intervention points where we should focus our attention on to contribute to a significant change in the overall situation?

37. Washington Coast Regional Salmon Plan Conceptual Model

39. 26 Specific Strategies Consolidated Into Five Categories Educate the Community to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values Restore and Protect Salmonid Habitat Function 3. Support Hatchery Reform and Harvest Practices that are Compatible with Wild Salmon Sustainability 4. Use Economic Tools to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values Improve Regulatory Effectiveness to Achieve Salmon Sustainability by Identifying Conflicts, Impediments and Gaps in Current Regulations

40. Overarching Partnership Strategy ORGANIZE, PROMOTE AND MAINTAIN BROAD PARTNERSHIPS THAT SUPPORT WILD SALMON SUSTAINABILITY

41. Focused Strategy Work Groups Tuesday, February 8 Educating the Community to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values Wednesday, February 9 Restore and Protect Salmonid Habitat Function Monday, February 14 Support Hatchery and Harvest Practices that are Compatible with Wild Salmon Sustainability

42. Thursday, February 17 Use Economic Tools to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values Wednesday, March 9 Improve Regulatory Effectiveness to Achieve Salmon Sustainability by Identifying Conflicts, Impediments and Gaps in Current Regulations

43. Educate the Community to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values

44. Educate the Community to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values Strategy A1: Create a WCSSP Outreach & Education Program that Builds Salmon Awareness and Community Action Strategy A2: Communicate Climate Change Tools, Research, and Information to Local Communities Strategy A3: Work to Inform Landowners, Industry, Retail, Agencies, and the Public about Invasive Species Strategy A4: Increase Public Outreach on Environmental Values to Make Shoreline Modification more Salmon-Friendly Strategy A5: Reach Out to Landowners and Others about the Value of Preserving Marginal Land Strategy A6: Educate Local Elected Officials and Residents about Stormwater and Wastewater Pollution

45. Restore and Protect Salmonid Habitat Function

46. Restore and Protect Salmonid Habitat Function Strategy B1: Use Habitat Protection Tools & Techniques to Maintain or Restore Refugia in Light of Climate Change Strategy B2: Coordinate a Region-Wide Invasive Species Workgroup Strategy B3: Restore In-stream Channel Function by Overcoming Removal and/or Lack of LWD Strategy B4: Correct Existing Fish Barriers Strategy B5: Encourage the Implementation of Water Quantity Planning Efforts Strategy B6: Reduce Dredging and Filling of Estuaries, Rivers, and Wetlands

47. Support Hatchery and Harvest Practices that are Compatible with Wild Salmon Sustainability

48. Support Hatchery and Harvest Practices • that are Compatible with Wild Salmon Sustainability Strategy C1: Create Opportunities that Lead to a Better Understanding of Hatchery, Harvest, and Wild Fish Policies Strategy C2: Develop Partnerships for Hatchery Reform

49. Use Economic Tools to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values

50. Use Economic Tools to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values Strategy D1: Value Ecosystem Services Strategy D2: Support Ecotourism Compatible with Wild Salmon Sustainability Strategy D3: Support Incentives for Keeping Agriculture, Timber, and Residential Land Use Strategy D4: Promote Coastal Wild Salmon as a Premium Market Product Strategy D5: Advocate for a Barrel Transport Fee to Fund Oil Spill Response Capacity Strategy D6: Explore Bio-diversity Markets such as Offset & Compensation Programs, Conservation Futures Tax, Mitigation Funding