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The republic

The republic. From 600 bc to 509 bc Rome was ruled by a series of Etruscan kings In 509bc they overthrew the last king and established a republic. Republic:. Form of government which power rest with its citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. Citizenship:

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The republic

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  1. The republic

  2. From 600 bc to 509 bc Rome was ruled by a series of Etruscan kings • In 509bc they overthrew the last king and established a republic

  3. Republic: Form of government which power rest with its citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders

  4. Citizenship: Citizenship with voting rights, was granted only to free born male Romans

  5. Patricians: Wealthy land owners who held most of the power in the roman republic

  6. Plebeians: Common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the roman population

  7. Plebeians • (continued): • Eligible to vote but could not hold high public office

  8. twelve tablets: Established the idea that all free citizens had the right to protection under the law

  9. Government: • 2 consuls commanded the army and directed the government. • Served for one year • Limited to one term every ten years

  10. Senate: • Composed of 300 members chosen from the upper class • Had great influence over foreign and domestic policy

  11. Dictator: • Elected in times of crisis • Chosen by both consuls and elected by senate • Served 6 month terms • Held absolute power

  12. Roman army: • All land owning citizens were required to serve in army • Army was organized into legions

  13. Legions: • 5000 heavily armed foot soldiers supported by a small group of calvery

  14. Spread of roman power: • By 265 bc Rome's mighty legions had conquered all of the Italian peninsula

  15. Rome: 260 bc

  16. Rome did not interfere with conquered nations as long as they provided men for rome’s army and did not make treaties of peace with any other states.

  17. trade network: Rome’s location gave it direct access to Mediterranean sea, allowing its traders to travel far and wide

  18. Collapse of the republic

  19. Economic turmoil: • AS ROME GREW SO DID THE GAP BETWEEN RICH AND POOR • BY 100 BC ¼ OF POPULATION WAS URBAN POOR

  20. MILITARY UPHEAVEL: • SOLDIERS NO LONGER LOYAL TO ROME, BUT TO THEIR GENERALS, WHO PAID THEM FOR SERVICE

  21. THE RISE OF:

  22. IN 60 BC JULIUS CAESAR (MILITARY LEADER) JOINED FORCES WITH CRASSUS ( A WEALTHY ROMAN), AND POMPEY (A POPULAR GENERAL)

  23. FOR TEN YEARS THEY RULED ROME AS A TRIUMVIRATE. • UNION COLLAPSED AS JULIUS CAESAR GAINED FAME AND POWER BY CONQUERING THE REGION OF GAUL FOR ROME

  24. THE TRIUMVIRATE TURN ON EACH OTHER • J. CAESAR EMERGES VICTORIUS • IN 44 BC CAESAR IS ELECTED DICTATOR FOR LIFE

  25. CAESAR’S REFORMS: • EXPANDS ROMAN CITIZENSHIP • EXPANDS SENATE • CREATES JOBS FOR POOR • BEGAN NEW COLONIES • INCREASED PAY FOR SOLDIERS

  26. ASSASSINATION: • SENATE FEARS HIS GROWING POWER • MARCUS BRUTUS AND GAIUS CASSIUS (INFLUNTIAL SENATORS) PLOT HIS MURDER. • ON MARCH 13, 44 BC CAESAR IS ASSASSINATED IN THE SENATE

  27. Rome at the death of Julius Caesar:

  28. BEGINNING OF ROMAN EMPIRE: • THREE OF CAESAR’S FOLLOWERS, OCTAVIAN (ADOPTED SON), MARK ANTHONY (GENERAL) AND LEPIDUS (POWERFUL POLITICIAN) HUNT DOWN AND KILL CAESAR’S ASSASSINS WHILEDEFEATING THEIR ARMIES

  29. FOR TEN YEARS THEY RULE AS ROME’S SECOND TRIUMVIRATE • OCTAVIAN FORCES LEPIDUS TO RETIRE AND DEFEATS ANTHONY AND CLEOPATRA IN BATTLE

  30. OCTAVIAN BECOMES SOLE UNCHALLENGED LEADER OF ROME

  31. AGUSTUS “SUPREME LEADER”

  32. PAX ROMANA: • FROM 27BC TO 180 CE ROME IS IN PEACE • EMPIRE SPREADS RAPIDLY • POPULATION IS 60-80 MILLION • 1 MILLION IN ROME ALONE

  33. SOUND GOVERNMENT: • AUGUSTUS CREATES A SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT THAT SURVIVED FOR CENTURIES

  34. SET UP CIVIL SERVICE (PAID WORKERS TO MANAGE AFFAIRS OF THE GOV.) • THIS SYSTEM ALLOWS ROME TO RULE OVER ITS VAST EMPIRE EFFECTIVELY

  35. Rome at its largest extent:

  36. SLAVERY: • SIGNIFICANT PART OF ROMAN LIFE • USED MORE SLAVES THAN ANY PREVIOUS CIVILIZATION • BORN INTO SLAVERY

  37. 1/3 OF ALL PEOPLE LIVING IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE WERE SLAVES

  38. OVER 1 MILLION SLAVES DIE • IN REVOLTS AGAINST ROME

  39. SOME SLAVES BECOME GLADIATORS AND FIGHT IN THE ROMAN COLISIUM

  40. SOCIETY AND CULTURE: • DURING THE ROMAN EMPIRE MOST OF ROME’S CITIZENS WERE UNEMPLOYED • GOV. ESTABLISHED 150 HOLIDAYS IN WHICH IT PROVIDED FREE GAMES AND GLADIATOR BATTLES FOR THE PUBLIC

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