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Some Background Thoughts On mm-Wave Radio Technology

Some Background Thoughts On mm-Wave Radio Technology. Daniel Foty Gilgamesh Associates LLC Fletcher, Vermont The United States of America. Presented at the University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa 17 August 2010. “ETSI” 2004 Forecast. “ETSI” 2004 Forecast. “ETSI” 2004 Forecast.

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Some Background Thoughts On mm-Wave Radio Technology

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  1. Some Background Thoughts Onmm-Wave Radio Technology Daniel Foty Gilgamesh Associates LLC Fletcher, Vermont The United States of America Presented at the University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa 17 August 2010 D. Foty

  2. “ETSI” 2004 Forecast D. Foty

  3. “ETSI” 2004 Forecast D. Foty

  4. “ETSI” 2004 Forecast D. Foty

  5. UWB – PR vs. Reality Matches Unit Shipments of Hoverponies During Same Time Period • ETSI 2004 forecast vs. reality • “Where’s the beef??” – Something clearly wrong D. Foty

  6. Bandwidth Demand The Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Forecast for 2007-2012 provides key findings on a variety of consumer and business Internet Protocol (IP) networking trends that are driven by the increasing use of video and Web 2.0 social networking and collaboration applications--AKA visual networking. Projections resulting from the project include: * IP traffic will increase at a combined annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46 percent from 2007 to 2012, nearly doubling every two years. * The resulting annual bandwidth demand on the world's IP networks will be approximately 522 exabytes, or more than half a zettabyte. * In 2012, Internet video traffic alone will be 400 times the traffic carried by the U.S. Internet backbone in 2000. Internet video jumped from 12 percent of the global consumer Internet traffic in 2006 to 22 percent in 2007. * Video on demand, IPTV, peer-to-peer (P2P) video, and Internet video are forecast to account for nearly 90 percent of all consumer IP traffic in 2012. * Global business IP traffic is forecast to grow strongly at a CAGR of 35 percent from 2007 to 2012. Increased broadband penetration in the small-business segment and the increased adoption of advanced video communications in the enterprise are major drivers for business IP traffic growth. * Business IP traffic will grow fastest in the developing markets and Asia-Pacific. In volume, North America will continue to have the most business IP traffic through 2012, followed by Asia-Pacific and Western Europe. * Global IP traffic will reach 44 exabytes per month in 2012, compared to less than seven per month in 2007. * By comparison, global IP traffic in 2002 was five exabytes which means that the volume of IP traffic in 2012 will be 100 times as large. * Monthly global IP traffic in December 2012 will be 11 exabytes higher than in December 2011, a single-year increase that will exceed the amount by which traffic has increased in the eight years since 2000. * Mobile data traffic will roughly double each year from 2008 through 2012. Note: A zettabyte is equal to: 1 trillion gigabytes; 1,000 exabytes; 250 billion DVDs, while an exabyte is equal to: 1 billion gigabytes; 1,000 petabytes; 250 million DVDs. D. Foty

  7. Bandwidth Demand • AT&T Wireless – Disaster • iPhones/iPads  “Bandwidth Hogs” • NYC/SF  Can’t even make phone calls mid-day and afternoon (I speak from experience) • Ending unlimited data plans – Re-introducing “caps” beyond which usage becomes metered • iPhone4  Video calls?!?!?!?! (Yeah, right…) • Desperate need for more bandwidth D. Foty

  8. Bandwidth Demand • USB3.0 – A viable system/host interface • 4.8Gbps max rate – 10x USB2.0 • Same plug – plug is universal • Has power at the plug (HDMI, “Firewire” don’t) D. Foty

  9. The “Iron Triangle” • Shannon Information Theory: C = W log (1 + SNR) • “C”  Data rate • SNR = P/N*W, where P is the signal power and N is the noise power spectral density (one-sided), so that N*W is the noise power • W is the bandwidth • (Thanks to Prof. Toby Berger, University of Virginia) D. Foty

  10. Need to Expand the Triangle • Only way to get higher data rate at good “cost”? • Implies higher carrier frequencies • Net: mm-wave is the route to power-efficient bandwidth • Escape the tyranny of “bits per Hz”  bits per watt!!  D. Foty

  11. Bits Per Watt WirelessHD 802.11g 802.11b BT (Cl-2) BT (Cl-1) D. Foty

  12. (Bits-Meters)/Watt WirelessHD 802.11g 802.11b BT (Cl-1) BT (Cl-2) D. Foty

  13. A Contemporary Disease • Over-reliance on “power” to get results • “Bigger and bigger”? • Too much power is being used to accomplish too little • Based on ingrained practice • Now stuck with infrastructure and methods that demand consumption of ever more power D. Foty

  14. Much Thunder, Little Rain PC Magazine, 2 October 2007 “In any technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled.” -- Richard Feynman, 1986 “You can’t polish a turd.” – Old U.S. Army Proverb D. Foty

  15. Northern Reaction D. Foty

  16. A New Focus • Need to focus on “power efficiency” • Use the effective minimum amount of power to accomplish a given task • Athletics – Great athletes expend the minimum amount of energy necessary to accomplish a specific task • Need: Power-Efficient Bandwidth D. Foty

  17. Regulatory Landscape D. Foty

  18. Regulatory – mm-Wave • 57 - 64 GHz "ISM"-like allocation • US/Japan/Europe vary slightly, but 5GHz of overlap • Unlicensed – And “wide/absolute” but not “wide/relative” • US FCC  500mW maximum EIRP • 71 – 76 GHz  Licensed band for comms • Also a licensed but power-strong amateur band in there • 77 GHz vehicular radar band (R.A.D.A.R for real!!) • 81 – 86 GHz  Licensed band for comms • 92 – 95 GHz VERY licensed band for comms • Presently up in air - May retrench for home networking D. Foty

  19. Extant mm-Wave Stuff • “BridgeWave gigabit point-to-point wireless links provide fiber-equivalent connections between locations by transmitting data over highly secure 60GHz & 80GHz (E-Band) radio frequencies at gigabit and Fast Ethernet speeds with the advantage of add/drop data ports, and optional wire-speed AES encryption built-in.” D. Foty

  20. Extant mm-Wave Stuff • “70/80” bands, full-duplex,1.25Gbps bulk-haul wireless Ethernet • Range  c. 6 km • Produced by Gilland Electronics D. Foty

  21. Propagation D. Foty

  22. Tiered mm-Wave Networking • Can divide into three “tiers” • Short range – WP2P, low power, portable (UWB flop) • Medium range (c. 2km) – E.g., building-to-building • Long range (c. 10km) – Backhaul/bulkhaul • Comments on each • Low cost / low power / on-board antenna (UWB space) • Beefier (SiGe bipolar) PA / external antenna • GaN PA / external antenna (fun with heterostructures) • Can greatly improve state-of-the-art both technically and cost-wise – on all three D. Foty

  23. Conclusions • Strong identified need for more bandwidth • E.g., AT&T – NYC and SF • E.g., USB3.0 – 5Gbps • Various technologies have flopped though • Need is still there and unmet • Failures clearly due to structural shortcomings • Mm-wave seems to be the best way forward • Goals: • Unify “UWB” targets with mm-wave (“Tier 1”) • Develop for medium/long range wireless infrastructure needs (“Tier 2” and “Tier 3”) D. Foty

  24. CRITICAL CONCLUSION!! • There is clear real-world demand for Gbps wireless networking with much better performance and cost numbers • Failure to get there is due to fundamental shortcomings in engineering thought • Main consequence  All “methods” create bandwidth by burning power • Need fundamentally new strategies D. Foty

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