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PLANTS

PLANTS. TERMINOLOGY. LIFESPAN. BIENNIAL : live 2 yrs. ANNUAL : live < 1 yr. PERENNIAL : live > 2 yrs. GROWTH FORMS. GRASS. FORB/HERB : not woody. SHRUB : woody, small. SUCCULENT : stores water in tissue. TREE : woody, tall. FLOWERS. Sex organ of plant From modified leaves

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PLANTS

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  1. PLANTS TERMINOLOGY

  2. LIFESPAN • BIENNIAL: live 2 yrs • ANNUAL: live < 1 yr • PERENNIAL: live > 2 yrs

  3. GROWTH FORMS • GRASS • FORB/HERB: not woody • SHRUB: woody, small • SUCCULENT: stores water in tissue • TREE: woody, tall

  4. FLOWERS • Sex organ of plant • From modified leaves • Consists of four rings of structures • 1. Sepals: protect flower bud • 2. Petals: attract pollinators

  5. FLOWERS 3. Stamens: male – produce sperm – consist of… • Anther: produces sperm and packages into pollen grains • Filament: Holds anther into air to contact pollinator

  6. FLOWERS 4. Pistil: female – produce eggs • Stigma: accepts pollen • Style: hold stigma up to contact pollinator • Ovary: produces eggs/seeds

  7. Perfect: have functioning stamens and pistil Imperfect: have either functioning stamens or pistil TYPES OF FLOWERS

  8. Male Plant Female Plant TYPES OF PLANTS With Imperfect Flowers Dioecious:two houses (male and female flowers on separate plants) Monoecious:one house (male and female flowers on same plant) e.g., bursage e.g., desert broom, jojoba, sotol

  9. LEAVES

  10. Blade Petiole Expanded Leaf Base LEAF PARTS

  11. Compound: blade divided into leaflets BLADE STRUCTURE Simple: blade is single • Palmately Compound: leaflets come out of one point

  12. Pinnately Compound: just primary leaflets e.g. Desert Ironwood BLADE STRUCTURE expanded leaf base • Bipinnately Compound: blade divided intoprimary • and • secondary leaflets petiole e.g., Velvet Mesquite

  13. BLADE STRUCTURE: Quiz yourself Pinnately compound Tripinnately compound Palmately compound Bipinnately compound Simple Bipinnately compound Palmately compound Pinnately compound

  14. Entire: smooth Lobed Toothed BLADE EDGE

  15. Alternate 1 leaf comes off each point on stem Opposite 2 leaves come off same point on stem Whorled 3+ leaves come off same point on stem POSITION OF LEAVES ON STEM

  16. www.cactus-art.biz FLOWERING PLANT LIFECYCLE • GERMINATION: Sprouting of seed • Timing is Critical! • Cues include photoperiod, temperature, moisture, light, abrasion, fire, digestive enzymes, etc. • GROWTH: from seedling to maturity • REPRODUCTION: production of next generation • DEATH: annual vs biennial vs perennial

  17. FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION • ASEXUAL: without sex • Make clones • Little genetic diversity • SEXUAL: with sex • Mix of male and female traits • Great genetic diversity

  18. FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION:STEPS IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • Gamete Production • Eggs produced in ovary • Sperm produced in anther and packaged two per pollen grain

  19. FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION:STEPS IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • Pollination • Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma Pollen transferred by wind, water, animals

  20. Double Fertilization 2 PolarNuclei • The two sperm in each pollen grain go down pollen tube that grows from stigma to ovary. • One sperm fertilizes egg which develops into embryo (becomes new plant). • Other sperm fertilizes two polar nuclei to form endosperm, which supplies energy and nutrients to embryo. Pollen tube biology.kenyon.edu

  21. FLOWERING PLANT REPRODUCTION:STEPS IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • Seed Production • Package embryo and endosperm into seed coat • Seed Dispersal • Movement of seeds away from parent plant • Methods include exploding seed pods, wind, water, animals (eaten, hook on, etc.) Exploding seed pod video www.urbanext.uiuc.edu

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