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Types of Chemical Reactions

Types of Chemical Reactions. There are four basic types of chemical reactions. Observe the products and the reactants to determine the type of reaction. A. Direct Combination. Also called Synthesis. Creating compounds. Two or more compounds combine together to produce one compound.

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Types of Chemical Reactions

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  1. Types of Chemical Reactions There are four basic types of chemical reactions Observe the products and the reactants to determine the type of reaction. A. Direct Combination Also called Synthesis Creating compounds Two or more compounds combine together to produce one compound A + B --> C Examples 2 H2 + O2 --> 2 H2O youtube 2 Mg + O2 --> 2 MgO We will only look at simple direct combination. We will only use elements combining with other elements

  2. B. Decomposition Also called analysis Single compound breaks down into 2 or more compounds D --> A + B Examples 2 H2O --> 2 H2 + O2 2 NaCl --> 2 Na + Cl2 We will only look at decompositions which break down into elements. C. Single Replacement Element + Compound Free element replaces the + or - part of the compound AB + C --> AC + B A B C AB + C --> CB + A A B C

  3. If the free element has only positive oxidation states, it will replace the + part of the compound If the free element has any negative oxidation states, it will replace the - part of the compound Mg + ZnSO4 --> MgSO4 + Zn Since Br has negative oxidation states, it will replace the Cl CuCl2 + Br2 --> CuBr2 + Cl2

  4. D. Double Replacement Also called ion exchange 2 compounds in solution are mixed Anions switch places C C C AB + CD --> CB + AD C A B C A D A A A Watch the oxidation states when making new compounds! NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s) Al(OH)3 + NaI 3 AlI3 + NaOH 3

  5. Examples - Determine the type of equation and predict the products • 2 MgO  • 2 Li + MgSO4 • 3 KOH + FePO4  • 2 Ca + O2  2 Mg + O2 Only one compound, so it must be decomposition Li2SO4 + Mg Compund and element = single replacement K3PO4 + Fe(OH)3 Two compounds so it is double replacement 2 CaO 2 elements, so it is synthesis

  6. Precipitates A double replacement reaction will only occur if a gas or a precipitate is formed. Precipitate Created from two SOLUBLE compounds, it is an INSOLUBLE compound Precipitates will fall out of solution Na Cl Ag NO3 in soluble soluble AgCl Ag Na

  7. To determine if a precipitate is formed, 1. Switch the ions in the double replacement Look at the negative ions! 2. Compare the products to Table F CO3-2 CrO4-2 PO4-3 S-2 Precipitates, unless with group 1 or NH4+ Cl-, I-, Br- Only precipitates with Ag+, Pb+2 and Hg2+2 SO4-2 Only precipitates with Ag+, Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2, Pb+2 X CaCl2 + NaBr --> 2 CaBr2 + 2 NaCl NO REACTION! soluble soluble BaCO3 is the precipitate K2CO3 + BaCl2 2 KCl + BaCO3 insoluble soluble

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