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Revolutionary France. p. 114. Why Revolution?. The violence of the French Revolution was accidental unwarranted fear of the king’s troops made people take arms. The new government argued about how much change France should undergo.
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Revolutionary France p. 114
Why Revolution? • The violence of the French Revolution was accidental • unwarranted fear of the king’s troops made people take arms. • The new government argued about how much change France should undergo. • Moderates wanted gradual change and to keep a limited monarchy. • Radicals wanted to remove the king, seize Church and noble lands, and other drastic changes.
A New, Hopeful France • Slogan of the Revolution: • “Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite” • Freedom from the oppressive system • Equality of all people, rich and poor. • Brotherhood, all French people will care for each other
Obstacle to Progress • Faction: • a group of people, in the same political party, who disagree with others in the same party about how to do things. • The greatest problem of the revolutionary government was disagreement among the revolutionaries on how to affect change.
worksheet: Political Science Moment: The Political spectrum— Liberal (Leftist) Conservative (Rightist) reforms to improve society Protect current social order
Political Strains • Marquis de Lafayette: • Aristocratic Frenchman • served under George Washington in the American Revolution. • He returned to France supportive of the idea to change the government. • A moderate. • Moderates • wanted to keep the monarch,with no power • the country run by a republican legislature
The French Constitution of 1791 reflectedEnlightenment ideas: ideas all ideas of what Enlightenment philosophers? (2 out of 3) John Locke Jean Jacques Rousseau. Voltaire • Created an elected legislature (republic) • Equality of citizens • Removed Church control of government (separation of church and state) • Freedom of Speech • Tolerance • General Will
Remember? • Use the following information to answer the question below • Natural Rights Philosophy: • Emphasizes individual rights to life, liberty, and property. • What document best exemplifies the natural rights philosophy described on the left? • A. The Communist Manifesto • B. Plato’s Republic • C. Luther’s Ninety-five Theses • D. The Declaration of Independence
Women • Olympe de Gouges: • Woman revolutionary • criticized the revolutionary men who failed to give women rights • Composed the “Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen”, • she demanded women’s rights • the right to vote. • Arrested by the revolution. • What happened to her when the radicals took control of the revolutionary government?
Marie Antoinette: • Queen of France and sister of the Austrian King. • Hated by people because: • Austrian, not French • Of her expensive lifestyle. • Rumored to have said the following….. • Palace person to the Queen: “Your majesty, the peasants are starving, they haven’t enough money for bread.” • Queen: “Then, let them eat cake!” • Insult: Even more expensive than bread….. • She and Louis XVI were seized by a mob of women revolutionaries (and men dressed as women) and taken to Paris.
Émigré: • French nobles, clergy, and others who fled during the revolution • were targets of the rioting mobs • did not support the revolution. • The revolutionary government made it illegal to leave France. • Many were arrested • they were taking much wealth with them, • Émigré stories in foreign countries would frighten the foreign monarchies. • It was suspected they would help enemy countries attack France. • Many countries decided the French revolution had to be defeated.
Sans-culottes: • Leftist radical peasants and working people who took control of revolution. • They feared invasion by pro-monarchist armies. • So-called because poor men wore trousers, not the stylishly expensive short-legged culotte pants of the wealthy class.
Jacobins: • leftist radical group of professionals and lawyers. • took control of the revolutionary government with the sans-culottes in 1792. • They decided to spread the revolution and stop their invaders….. • they declared war on Prussia, Austria, Britain, and others…
Republic: • a government run by elected representativesinstead of a monarch. • It may or may not keep the monarch as a symbolic leader. • Sans-culottes and Jacobins demanded one.
Royal Trouble • The royal family tried to escape to • Austria. • Why Austria? • Marie Antoinette’s brother, the emperor, would protect them there. • They were caught and put under house arrest by an increasingly fearful revolutionary government.
Remember? • What is a government called which has a king or queen controlled by constitutional law? • Limited monarch
End hwk • Begin notes
Standards Check, p. 115: • Question: • Famine and fear of government assault
p. 115, Identify Central Issues • Question • The Declaration of Independence and other American writings on liberty and equality inspired people like Lafayette to rebel.
Remember? • When members of the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath (1789) at the start of the French Revolution, they were attempting to • a. establish a military government • b. draft a new national constitution • c. restore the king to power • d. persuade Napoleon to take power.
p. 116, Image, Playing Dress Up • Question: • Although she was compassionate to the poor, she lived extravagantly and was against reforms. • why might her “living poor” hobby insult most French people? • Her “living poor” hobby insulted many, because she still had plenty of money and never suffered like the poor.
p. 117, analyzing visuals • Question • Because it was the capital and chief city of France
Standards Check: p. 117: • Question • The nobles in the National Assembly voted to give up their privileges.
Image, p. 118, Analyzing Political Cartoons • EC: who are the four people running from the revolutionary chaos? • The influential European rulers and the Pope; all controlled most of the power/wealth in Europe • 1 • They didn’t want to lose their privileges and power • Feared the influence of the Third Estate’s actions. • 2 • As giant French rats (suggesting there are so many people who are revolutionaries, but the powerful people did not think much of them. • Their tails form a guillotine. • EC: Is it pro or anti revolution? • pro: The little people are now large, aggressively taking their rights from the panic-stricken super-wealthy.
Standards Check, p. 118 • Question: • Limited monarchy • Created a Legislative Assembly • Replaced old provinces with 83 “departments” • Abolished provincial courts • Reformed laws
Standards Check, p. 119 • Question: • Supporters of the Enlightenment in Europe were pleased with it. • European nobles and monarchs denounced it.
Remember? • The Principles of the American Revolution and the French Revolution are similar in many ways. Which of the following best summarizes their similarities? • a. both favored representative government • b. both limited voting rights to an economic elite • c. both retained certain hereditary rights for aristocrats • d. both supported equal rights for women.
p. 120, Thinking Critically • 1. • Article 6 states that all citizens are equal under the law and have the right to participate in government. • This marked a significant change for most French citizens, who were not previously treated equally under the law • 2. • Both stated that all men are created equal
Invasion and War • Prussia and Austria allied to fight the French Revolutionaries. • What young Frenchman proved himself ably on the battlefield defending revolutionary France from these invasions? • Napoleon Bonaparte • He rose rapidly through the ranks • He gained massive public admiration.
Brief Response • What caused the radical revolutionaries to take control of the revolution and create a more violent government?