1 / 7

Chapter 3:Minerals of the Earth’s Crust

Chapter 3:Minerals of the Earth’s Crust. Mineral -A naturally formed inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure. Rocks are composed of minerals. Contain one or more of 92 elements. Element -A pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.

topper
Download Presentation

Chapter 3:Minerals of the Earth’s Crust

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 3:Minerals of the Earth’s Crust Mineral-A naturally formed inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure. Rocks are composed of minerals. Contain one or more of 92 elements. Element-A pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. Native Element -A mineral that is composed of only one element. Compound-A substance composed of two or more elements that have been chemically combined.

  2. Minerals are classified by their chemical composition • Silicate Minerals -minerals composed of silicon, oxygen and other elements and make up 90% of the Earth’s crust. • Nonsilicate Minerals -minerals that do not contain silicon and oxygen. a. Carbonates: contain carbon and oxygen. b. Sulfides: contain one or more elements combined with sulphur. c. Sulfates: contain sulphur and oxygen in the form of SO4. d. Native Elements e. Oxides: Contains elements combined with oxygen. f. Halides: Compounds such as salt (NaCl) that are used in industry.

  3. Properties • Are characteristics that describe a mineral such as color, luster, streak, etc. Color – The appearance of a mineral based upon the contained impurities. Luster - The manner in which a mineral’s surface reflects light. Streak – The color of the powdered mineral left behind when rubbed against an unglazed porcelain tile. Cleavage – The tendency of a mineral to break along smooth, flat surfaces. Fracture – The tendency of a mineral to break unevenly along curved or irregular surfaces.

  4. Properties (cont.) Hardness – A mineral’s resistance to being scratched. Density – The measure of the amount of matter in a given space; the ratio of the mass to the volume. D=M/V. Special Properties: Characteristics that are particular to only a few types of minerals. Fluorescence – Certain minerals will glow when viewed with an ultraviolet light. Magnetism – Some minerals are natural magnets. Ex. : Magnetite a.k.a. loadstone. Radioactivity – Some minerals can contain elements that give off radiation. Ex. : Radium, Uranium.

  5. The Formation of Minerals • Evaporating Salt Water – as water evaporates, minerals such as halite and gypsum are left behind. • Surface & Groundwater – can carry dissolved minerals into bodies of water where they crystallize to form new minerals. • Heat & Pressure – can change the chemistry of the existing rocks to form metamorphic rocks. • Hot Water Solutions – occur when ground water sinks deeper to be heated by magma and react with minerals. • Pegmatites – teardrop shaped bodies with large crystals that form as magma moves upwards. • Plutons – magma that moves upwards then cools to form crystals.

  6. Mining – The removal of rocks and minerals from the Earth. 1.) Ore – A naturally occurring mineral that is mined for profit. 2.) Surface Mining – Removing deposits that are close to the surface in open pits or quarries. 3.) Subsurface Mining – Removing minerals that are located very deep within the Earth. a.) Reclamation – The process in which the surface land is returned to it’s original, pre-existing state after mining has been completed. 4.) Recycling – The reuse of mined products to reduce our mineral needs.

  7. Classes of Minerals • Metallic Minerals – Minerals that have shiny surfaces and are good conductors of heat and electricity. • Nonmetallic Minerals – Minerals that are nonmetals, dull and are electrical insulators. • Gemstones – A type on nonmetallic mineral that is highly valued for it’s beauty and rarity. The color of a gemstone is it’s most important and attractive characteristic. • Caret – A unit of mass for a gemstone. 1 caret= 200mg.

More Related