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Ship-based measurements during AMMA by the University of Miami M-AERI group

Ship-based measurements during AMMA by the University of Miami M-AERI group. Peter Minnett, Erica Key (on L’Atalante ) & Goshka Szczodrak (on Ronald H Brown ) RSMAS University of Miami. Outline. Objectives of the sea-going component of AMMA (RSMAS M-AERI group and others)

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Ship-based measurements during AMMA by the University of Miami M-AERI group

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  1. Ship-based measurements during AMMA by the University of Miami M-AERI group Peter Minnett, Erica Key (on L’Atalante) & Goshka Szczodrak (on Ronald H Brown) RSMAS University of Miami AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  2. Outline • Objectives of the sea-going component of AMMA (RSMAS M-AERI group and others) • Instrument descriptions and examples of measurements • Data distribution and some concerns AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  3. Objectives • To validate satellite measurements of the Sea-Surface Temperature in regions of strong aerosol loading; improve satellite retrieval algorithms (MODIS on Terra and MODIS, AMSR-E & AIRS on Aqua, AATSR on Envisat). • To obtain data to validate satellite retrievals of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles (AIRS on Aqua, TES on Aura). • To study cloud and aerosol radiative forcing at the surface. • To study effects of Saharan Air Layer (SAL) on the infrared radiation budget at the sea-surface. • To provide data for the study of the role of the SAL on hurricane development (in conjunction with aircraft flights of the Hurricane Research Division of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Atmospheric Laboratory). AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  4. Ronald H Brown • Mooring cruise in AMMA area. • Deployment of ARGO profilers, drifters, XBTs • 2 Legs: • San Juan to Recife (May 23-June 18) • Recife to Charleston (June 22- July 18) • Instrumentation: expanded upon set used in AEROSE AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  5. L’Atalante • EGEE 3 cruise • Cotonou – Cotonou (May 23 – July 6). • Instrumentation – critical subset of Ronald H Brown Cruise track AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  6. Variables & Instruments Additional sensors such as cloud radars, ceilometers, ozone-sondes, radiosondes and sun photometers will be supplied by other groups on the Ronald H. Brown AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  7. Marine-Atmosphere Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI) • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroradiometer • Measures spectra from the ocean and atmosphere from 3 to 18μm • NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) traceable calibration References: Minnett, P. J., R. O. Knuteson, F. A. Best, B. J. Osborne, J. A. Hanafin, and O. B. Brown, 2001: The Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI), a high-accuracy, sea-going infrared spectroradiometer. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 18, 994-1013. Minnett, P. J., K. A. Maillet, J. A. Hanafin, and B. J. Osborne, 2005: Infrared interferometric measurements of the near surface air temperature over the oceans. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 22, 1016-1029. Rice, J. P., J. J. Butler, B. C. Johnson, P. J. Minnett, K. A. Maillet, T. J. Nightingale, S. J. Hook, A. Abtahi, C. J. Donlon, and I. J. Barton, 2004: The Miami2001 Infrared Radiometer Calibration and Intercomparison: 1. Laboratory Characterization of Blackbody Targets. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 21, 258-267. AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  8. M-AERI characteristics The mean discrepancies in the M-AERI 02 measurements of the NIST –characterized water bath blackbody calibration target in two spectral intervals where the atmosphere absorption and emission are low. Discrepancies are M-AERI minus NIST temperatures. AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  9. M-AERI measurements • SST, Tair, Air-sea temperature difference • Profiles of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles….. 24 hour cross-sections through the atmosphere along the track of the Ronald H. Brown on March 3, 2004, (above) and March 9, 2004 (below) during AEROSE. The upper panels in each pair show the cross-section of the air temperature [K]. The lower panels in each pair show the cross-sections of the water vapor mixing ratio [g kg-1]. The Saharan dry air outbreak is prominent throughout March 9. The red vertical lines mark times of radiosonde launches and the black vertical lines mark times of AIRS overpasses. From Szczodrak, M., P. J. Minnett, N. R. Nalli, and W. F. Feltz, 2006: Measurements of temperature and humidity profiles over the ocean: comparisons of AIRS retrievals with ship-based remote sensing, in situ measurements and ECMWF analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research, In review. AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  10. Microwave radiometer • Measurements at 2 channels • Retrieves water vapor column content and cloud liquid water AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  11. Micropulse LIDAR • λ = 0.523μm • Eye-safe LIDAR to measure aerosol vertical structure (75m resolution). Lidar-derived extinction coefficients along the cruise track of the Ronald H Brown during Aerosol99 From Voss, K. J., E. J. Welton, P. K. Quinn, J. Johnson, A. M. Thompson, and H. R. Gordon, 2001: Lidar measurements during Aerosols99. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 20821-20832. doi: 10.1029/2001JD900217. AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  12. Incident Radiation Measurements • Portable Radiation Package: • Fast MFRSR for aerosol optical depth and Angstrom coefficients (possibly also Ozone) • Eppley 2π radiometers for SW↓ and LW↓ AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  13. All sky camera • Web-cam over dome mirror, captures 2π images for off-line analysis for cloud amount and species AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  14. Weather station • Coastal Environmental System “Weatherpak” with gimbaled Eppley 2π radiometers. • Optical rain gauge AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  15. Subsurface SST • Surface following float measures SST at ~0.05m depth. • Deployed ship on station or slow (few ms-1) transit AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  16. Aerosol sampling (RHB) • Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS; currently being refurbished), • Micro-Orifice, Uniform-Deposit Impactor (MOUDI). AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  17. Radiosondes Radiosondes will be launched on a 6hr cycle on the Ronald H Brown on the mooring line and a 12hr cycle during transits unless a dust event occurs. All will measure temperature and humidity, about 2/3 will also measure winds (GPS) and 20-30 will measure ozone. AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  18. Other instrumentation on board the Ronald H. Brown • Water-leaving radiance spectroradiometer (USF) • Optical profiler, Optical, CDOM, Carbohydrates, Photolysis, and Chlorophyll profiles (pending funding; for MODIS Ocean Color validation; UCSB) • SMPS (being refurbished; HUPAS instrument) • HARLIE (Holographic Airborne Rotating Lidar Instrument Experiment; HUPAS) • Hand-held sun photometers (HUPAS) • Lasair-II particle spectrometer (ESRL) • Atmospheric Flux System (ESRL) • Vaisala C25K Ceilometer (ESRL) • X-band and C-band radar (ESRL, RSMAS) AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  19. Data distribution • All RSMAS data will be distributed to collaborating groups, some in near real time. • Some skin SSTs will be subsequently distributed in Satellite Validation Data Bases (MODIS….) • Radiosonde profiles will be distributed through JPL AIRS validation data sets. Minnett’s group has a concern that if cruise radiosondes are incorporated into ECMWF forecasts and analyses this will compromise some satellite validations. AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  20. Contact details: • Peter Minnett: pminnett@rsmas.miami.edu • Erica Key: ekey@rsmas.miami.edu • Goshka Szczodrak: goshka@rrsl.rsmas.miami.edu • HUPAS: gjenkins@howard.edu • ESRL: chris.fairall@noaa.gov AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  21. Satellite validation • Emphasis on skin SST from MODIS (infrared) on Terra and Aqua, and AMSR-E (microwave) on Aqua; also AVHRR on NOAA-satellites, and AATSR on Envisat • Atmospheric profiles from AIRS on Aqua • Primary shipboard instruments: • Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI) • Radiosondes • Sky camera AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  22. Skin SST variability • How does the skin layer respond to imposed forcing? • Primary shipboard instruments: • Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI) • Infrared Imager • Surface SST float • Turbulent and radiative fluxes AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  23. Cloud radiative forcing • How does the presence of clouds influence the radiation incident at the sea surface? • Primary shipboard instruments: • Radiative fluxes • Sky camera • Ceilometer AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

  24. Aerosol radiative forcing • How does the presence of aerosols influence the radiation incident at the sea surface? • Primary shipboard instruments: • M-AERI • Radiative fluxes, from PRP • Sky camera • Ceilometer • Radiosondes AMMA Team Meeting Leeds, UK. April, 2006

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