FROM ROOSEVELT TO WILSON IN THE AGE OF PROGRESSIVISM

1. FROM ROOSEVELT TO WILSON IN THE AGE OF PROGRESSIVISM

2. The Purity Crusade Crusade against vice Women's Christian Temperance Union 1916--19 states prohibit alcohol 1920--18th Amendment prohibits alcohol

3. Woman Suffrage, Woman's Rights 1890--National American Woman Suffrage Association formed 1920--Nineteenth Amendment passed

4. Women�s Suffrage Before 1900

5. Interest Groups and the Decline of Popular Politics Decline in voter participation 77% from 1876-1900 65% from 1900-1916 52% in the 1920s remains near 52% through 20th century Interest groups get favorable legislation through lobbying

6. Voter Participation in Presidential Elections, 1876-1920

7. Action in the States State regulatory commissions created to investigate economic life Initiative, referendum, and recall created 1917--17th Amendment provides for direct election of U.S. senators

8. Action in the States:Reform Governors Robert La Follette �Wisconsin Idea� Other Progressive governors Joseph Folk of Missouri Hiram Johnson of California Charles Evans Hughes of New York Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey

9. Teddy Roosevelt Often defies convention Brings an exuberance to the presidency Surrounds himself with able associates

10. Busting the Trusts 1902--wave of trust-busting led by suit against Northern Securities Company 1904--Northern Securities dissolved Roosevelt reputed a "trust-buster" Comparatively few antitrust cases under Roosevelt

11. "Square Deal" in the Coalfields 1902--United Mine Workers strike in Pennsylvania threatens U.S. economy U.M.W., companies to White House Roosevelt wins company concessions by threatening military seizure of mines Roosevelt acts as broker of interests

13. Cleaning Up Food and Drugs

22. Cleaning Up Food and Drugs Upton Sinclair�s The Jungle (1906) prompts federal investigation of meatpacking industry 1906--Meat Inspection Act sets rules for sanitary meatpacking requires government inspection of meat products Samuel Hopkins Adams exposes dangers of patent medicines 1906--Pure Food and Drug Act requires manufacturers to list certain ingredients bans manufacture and sale of adulterated drugs

25. Chalk in the Milk Upton Sinclair; The Jungle Florence Kelley National Consumer�s League

26. Government on your plate Meat Inspection Act 1906 Pure Food & Drug Act 1906

29. Conserving the Land First comprehensive national conservation policy Roosevelt works with Gifford Pinchot, chief of Forest Service policy defines �conservation� as wise use of natural resources Quadruples acreage under federal protection

30. National Parks and Forests

31. The Ordeal of William Howard Taft Taft able administrator, poor president Conservative Republicans resurge Taft loses support of Progressives

33. Regulating the Railroads 1903--Elkins Act prohibits railroad rebates, strengthens Interstate Commerce Commission Widespread popular demand for further railroad regulation after Roosevelt�s reelection 1906--Hepburn Act further strengthens Interstate Commerce Commission membership from five to seven may fix reasonable maximum rates jurisdiction broadened to include oil pipeline, express, sleeping car companies

34. Party Insurgency Tariff splits Republicans Progressives: high tariff favors trusts Conservatives: high tariff protects business 1909 Payne-Aldrich Act provokes Progressives to break with Taft

35. The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Gifford Pinchot leading conservationist, Roosevelt appointee Pinchot accuses Interior Secretary Richard Ballinger of selling public lands to friends Taft fires Pinchot Progressives antagonized

36. Taft Alienates the Progressives 1910--Taft successfully pushes Mann-Elkins Act to strengthen ICC empowers ICC to fix railroad rates Progressive Republicans attack Taft�s plan of a Commerce Court to hear ICC appeals progressives obstruct Taft�s negotiations 1910--Taft attacks Progressive Republicans, Democrats gain Congress

37. Taft Alienates the Progressives (2) Legislation protecting laborers Sixteenth Amendment creates income tax Taft a greater trustbuster than Roosevelt Taft, Roosevelt attack one another publicly 1912--Taft renominated by Republicans, little chance for victory Legislation protecting laborers Sixteenth Amendment creates income tax Taft a greater trustbuster than Roosevelt Taft, Roosevelt attack one another publicly 1912--Taft renominated by Republicans, little chance for victory Legislation protecting laborers Sixteenth Amendment creates income tax Taft a greater trustbuster than Roosevelt Taft, Roosevelt attack one another publicly 1912--Taft renominated by Republicans, little chance for victory

39. Differing Philosophies in the Election of 1912 Roosevelt--Progressive ("Bull Moose") �New Nationalism� federal regulation of economy wasteful competition replaced by efficiency Woodrow Wilson--Democrat "New Freedom" for individual restrain big business, government Democrats win White House, Congress Roosevelt--Progressive ("Bull Moose") �New Nationalism� federal regulation of economy wasteful competition replaced by efficiency Woodrow Wilson--Democrat "New Freedom" for individual restrain big business, government Democrats win White House, Congress

42. Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom Woodrow Wilson former president of Princeton, governor of New Jersey Progressive, intellectual, inspiring orator One of America's most effective presidents

43. The New Freedom in Action 1913--Underwood Tariff cuts duties 1913--Federal Reserve Act reforms banks, establishes stable currency 1914--Clayton Antitrust Act outlaws unfair trade practices, protects unions 1914--Federal Trade Commission

44. New Freedom in Action: Retreating from Reform November, 1914--Wilson announces the "New Freedom" has been achieved It was �a time of healing because a time of just dealing� Statement stuns many progressives

45. Wilson Moves Toward the New Nationalism Reasons for the move distracted by the outbreak of war in Europe needs conservative Southern support Republicans seem to gain by attacking his programs 1916--Presidential election

46. Wilson Moves Toward the New Nationalism (2) Wilson renews reform in reelection bid Federal Farm Loan Act intervenes in strikes on behalf of workers attempts to ban child labor increases income taxes on the rich supports women�s suffrage Program wins Wilson a close election