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THE PERIODIC TABLE

THE PERIODIC TABLE. OUTLINE. History of Periodic Table Periodic Table Organization Period Group/Family Representative Elements Transition Elements Inner Transition Elements Types of Elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids. HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE.

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THE PERIODIC TABLE

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  1. THE PERIODIC TABLE

  2. OUTLINE • History of Periodic Table • Periodic Table Organization • Period • Group/Family • Representative Elements • Transition Elements • Inner Transition Elements • Types of Elements • Metals • Nonmetals • Metalloids

  3. HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE • By the Mid-1800s, there were 65 known elements. • Scientists began to recognize patterns after recording information such as: • chemical reactivity (ex: bonding patterns) • physical properties (ex: state of matter, mass)

  4. HISTORY . . . • DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834-1907) • Wrote out elements in order of increasing ATOMIC MASS, and ended up with a table! • Now organized according to: • ATOMIC NUMBER • NUMBER OF ELECTRONS • Why “PERIODIC”? • Periodic means repeating patterns and properties.

  5. PERIODIC TABLE ORGANIZATION • The periodic table is arranged in rows and columns. • PERIOD • Horizontal rows on table • 7 in total • Atomic Mass and Atomic Number increase from LEFT TO RIGHT

  6. ORGANIZATION . . . • GROUP • Also known as FAMILY • Vertical columns on table • Elements of the same group have similar but not identical properties. • There are two number systems for groups: • CURRENT:1-18 • OLD:ROMAN NUMERALS IA – VIIIA IB - VIIIB

  7. ORGANIZATION . . . • GROUP 1 – Alkali MetalsLINK • Soft, silver, react violently with water • GROUP 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals • Shiny, silver, light, reactive • GROUP 17 – Halogens • Extremely reactive, poisonous • GROUP 18 – Noble Gases • INERT  Not reactive under normal laboratory conditions

  8. ORGANIZATION

  9. Organization . . . • REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS • AKA Group A elements • Groups IA-VIIIA, or 1, 2, 13-18 • These elements illustrate the ENTIRE RANGE OF PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS.

  10. ORGANIZATION . . . • TRANSITION ELEMENTS • AKA Group B elements • Group IB-VIIIB, or the “lower” groups • Metallic elements that exhibit some different properties due to their electron arrangements.

  11. ORGANIZATION . . . • INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS • Removed from the main table as a matter of convenience in organizing table • Two names: • 57-71  LANTHANIDES (rare earth) • 89-103  ACTINIDES (radioactive)

  12. Metalloids TYPES OF ELEMENTS H 1 He 2 1 C 6 Li 3 Be 4 B 5 N 7 O 8 F 9 Ne 10 Nonmetals 2 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 3 K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 4 METALS Rb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54 5 Cs 55 Ba 56 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86 * 6 Fr 87 Ra 88 Rf 104 Db 105 Sg 106 Bh 107 Hs 108 Mt 109 W 7 La 57 Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 60 Pm 61 Sm 62 Eu 63 Gd 64 Tb 65 Dy 66 Ho 67 Er 68 Tm 69 Yb 70 Lu 71 Ac 89 Th 90 Pa 91 U 92 Np 93 Pu 94 Am 95 Cm 96 Bk 97 Cf 98 Es 99 Fm 100 Md 101 No 102 Lr 103

  13. TYPES OF ELEMENTS • There are three types of elements on the periodic table: • Metals • Nonmetals • Metalloids • The STAIRCASE LINE on the periodic table divides the METALS and the NONMETALS. • The ratio of metals to nonmetals is about 4:1.

  14. METALS • Substances found on the Left Hand Side of the staircase on the periodic table. • Physical properties include: • Shiny • Solids at room temperature (except Hg) • Good conductors of electricity • Ductile (can be stretched into wire) • Malleable (can be hammered in shapes)

  15. NON-METALS • Substances found on the Right Hand Side of the staircase on the periodic table. • Physical properties include: • Dull • Brittle • S, L, or G at room temperature • Poor conductors/good insulators

  16. METALLOIDS • AKA semi-metals • Substances that are found ON the staircase on the periodic table. • Have properties of BOTH metals and nonmetals. • In general, • Hard, but sometimes brittle • Solid • High melting points • Weak (or not at all) conductors of electricity

  17. HYDROGEN • The “rebel” of the periodic table! • It does not really “belong” anywhere. • Hydrogen is usually located on the top left hand corner of the table, even though it has both metallic and nonmetallic properties.

  18. HOMEWORK • What do calcium chloride, potassium bromide, and magnesium oxide have in common? (Hint: the answer is NOT that they end in “-ide”!) • Give an example of each of the following: • Alkali metal • Halogen nonmetal • Transition element • Lanthanide • Representative element • Noble gas • Alkaline Earth Metal • Inner Transition element • Metalloid • Actinide

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