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socialization

socialization. CHAPTER 7. SOCIALIZATION . Process by which a society transmits its cultural values to its members Through this, you develop a personality Both nature AND nurture furthers our development Nature – what people inherit Nurture – what people are taught. SOCIALIZATION.

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socialization

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  1. socialization CHAPTER 7

  2. SOCIALIZATION • Process by which a society transmits its cultural values to its members • Through this, you develop a personality • Both nature AND nurture furthers our development • Nature – what people inherit • Nurture – what people are taught

  3. SOCIALIZATION • The role of heredity (nature) in determining level of intelligence is controversial – revolves around what’s inherited • B/c we also hold the capacity for aptitude – ability to develop physical or social skills (like athletics)

  4. ID, EGO, & SUPEREGO • Freud says kids’ personalities consist of 3 parts: • The id: part of personality that is irrational; seek pleasure • The ego: part of personality that is rational, logically & realistic • The superego: part of personality that is moral – our conscience

  5. SIGMUND FREUD • Freud is significant in 3 ways: • 1. parents role in kid’s development • 2. childhood experiences have great impact • 3. assumption that superego—influence on personality—reflects society’s norms & values

  6. LEARNING HOW TO BE “MASCULINE” OR “FEMININE” • Kids develop their gender identities by observing and learning people’s social expectations on basis of their sex • Patriarchal society: • Males dominant over females • Child care assigned primarily to mother • By age 3, kids start to see themselves as individuals

  7. LOOKING-GLASS PROCESS • Cooley says core of personality is concept of oneself, the self-image • Self-image is developed through a mirror image, therefore we acquire a looking-glass self

  8. ROLE-TAKING PROCESS • Like Cooley, George Mead said development is made through interactions • Says we “get under the skin” of others by taking their role

  9. GEORGE MEAD’S IDEAS • Mead says kids develop self-concept in 3 stages: • 1. preparatory stage – 1st two years; kids imitate others • 2. significant others – about 3 yrs old; go through “play stage” (tell baby dolls not to be “naughty”) • 3. generalized others –start playing “game stage” (doctor, nurse, teacher, etc.) • Start to participate in sports & learn rules of society

  10. PEER GROUPS • As kids grow older, learn from peers: • Independence from adults • Social skills & group loyalties • Values of friendship & companionship • Negative: can socialize members to be isolationist from others

  11. LEARNING NEW ROLES • As we learn roles, we undergo 3 types of socialization: • 1. anticipatory socialization = people learn to assume a role in the future, but idealism dies out • 2. developmental socialization = people learn to be competent in playing currently assumed role; kids = son/daughters, adults = workers/husband, wife/parents

  12. LEARNING NEW ROLES • 3. resocialization = less common; people forced to abandon old self & create a new self (prisons, mental institutions, etc) • These are total institutions – places where people are cut off from society & rigidly controlled

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