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The Integumentary System

Learn about the structures and functions of the skin, hair, and nails. Draw and label a cross-section diagram of the skin. Understand the importance of the integumentary system in protection, sensory perception, temperature regulation, and more. Explore abnormal skin colors, eruptions, and diseases like acne and skin cancer.

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The Integumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System SKIN HAIR NAILS

  2. Skin Diagram Draw and color a cross-section diagram of the skin. Label and briefly describe each of the following structures: Epidermis Artery Dermis Vein Subcutaneous fascia Hair follicle Sebaceous gland Hair shaft Sudoriferous gland Arrector pili muscle Nerve Pores

  3. Sebaceous (oil) gland Pore Hair Epidermis Sudoriferous (sweat) gland Dermis Nerve Sub-cutaneous fascia Artery Hair follicle Arrector pilli muscle Vein

  4. Functions of the Skin • Protection - From ultraviolet rays and pathogens - Holds moisture in • Sensory Perception - Pain, pressure, temperature, and touch • Body Temperature Regulation - Blood vessels dilate to release heat and constrict to conserve heat - Cool body through evaporation of sweat

  5. Storage - Fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts • Absorption - Some medications • Excretion - Salt, excess water, and some wastes eliminated through the sweat • Production - Produces Vitamin D

  6. Pigmentation • Melanin: a brownish-black pigment • Carotene: a yellowish-red pigment * The amounts of these two pigments determine a person’s skin color

  7. Abnormal Colors of the Skin • Albino : the absence of pigmentation • Erythema : reddish color of skin • Jaundice : yellow discoloration of skin

  8. Cyanosis : a bluish discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygen

  9. Skin Eruptions • Macules : flat spots on the skin

  10. Papules : firm raised areas • Vesicles : fluid-filled sacs or blisters

  11. Pustules : pus-filled sacs • Crusts : areas of dried pus and blood (scabs)

  12. Wheals : itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape • Ulcer : a deep loss of skin surface

  13. Decubitus Ulcers(Bedsores) • Open sores in the skin and underlying tissues due to pressure over a bony area • Cuts off the blood supply and the tissue dies

  14. Diseases Acne : an inflammation of the sebaceous glands - Caused by a blockage of the hair follicles with dirt, cosmetics, excess oil, and/or bacteria

  15. Alopecia : baldness; a permanent loss of hair on the scalp

  16. Verrucae : rough, hard, elevated, rounded surface forms on the skin - warts - Caused by a viral infection of the skin

  17. Skin Cancers : - Forms that are usually localized – don’t spread to other areas of body Basal cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma

  18. Skin Cancers • Form that CAN spread to other parts of the body and be fatal Malignant Melanoma

  19. Signs of Malignant Melanoma Asymmetrical in shape Borders of lesion are scalloped or irregular Colors are varied – black, brown, white, red Diameter is larger than a pencil eraser

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