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The history of England. From Anglo-Saxon to Mediaval Times. The Norman conquest.
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The history of England From Anglo-Saxon to Mediaval Times
The Norman conquest In 1066 William, duke of Normandy, defeated Harold near Hasting and he was killed during the battle. The norman conquest was the last invasion of England. William’s successors were William II “Rufus”, Henry I and Stephen. The importance of the Norman conquest was enormous in fact from this moment initiated the middle ages and they introduced the FEUDAL SYSTEM.
HEnryII The successor of Stephen wasHenry II, whowanted to form a strongersystem of Justice. In fact, with the ConstitutionofClarendon, hestatedthat the clerksshouldfirst be tried in the King’s Court and thenjudged by the Church Court. ButThomas à Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, opposed the King because he thoughtthat the Church wasdepriveted of herrights.
Richard I and John Lackland When Henry II died in 1189, was crowned Richard I. He joined the Third Crusade and after he initiated a battle against France to defend his french possessions, but he was killed in a dispute. His successor was his brother John, called Lackland. He was obliged to sign the Magna Charta by Feudal Nobility, the Clergy and freemen.
Henry III and Edward I The successor of John wasHenry III, a weakking, in fact Simon de Montfortdefeatedhim and ruled the country for a year, but in 1265 he wasdefeated and killed, and Henry III wasrestored to the throne. His successor Edward Iconquered Wales, and tried to conquer Scotland, but the Scotsresisted, preservingtheirindipendence.
the hundreadyear’swars and the war of the roses The country was troubled by two long disastrous wars, the first was the Hundread year’s war and the second war was the Wars of the Roses.
The Black Death In the course of time, the Anglo-Norman Feudal system began to decline. While the Hundred Years’ War broke out, another event hit the English population, the Black Death. It ravaged all of Western Europe and reached England in 1348, carried off more than one third of the population. The reduced number of villeins forced the lords to pay free labourers high wages.
anglo-saxonliterature Anglo-Saxonliteraturestarted in the 7° century and ended with the Norman conquest. Althoughthere are also some important prose work , itconsistschiefly of poetry. The anglo-Saxonpoetry can be divided in twocategories:Paganand Christian. The Anglo-Saxonpoetrywasoriginallyoralbutlater the monksoccupied to transcribe the works, introducingChristian element. The pagangroupcontainselements common to Germanic history and itisdivided by subject in two sub-groups : Epicand Lyric.
Anglo Saxon and the Middle english prose: • ANGLO SAXON CHRISTIAN PROSE: At first, prose wasonly in Latin, or followed by vernacular English. Bede, whowasborn in Northumbria, wrotealmostalways in latin but at the end of the 9°century Latin began to be replaced by the vernacular. His best work isHistoria Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum thatgives information about the earlyhistory of Anglo Saxon. King Alfred translated the mostimportant latin worksincludingEcclesiasticalHistory; he wanted togivehis people the basisof the European culture.
Medieval Lyrical Poetry The old metrycal system based on allitteration, it was now replaced by regular lines, consisting of a precise number of syllabes. The Normans introduced the metrical Romances. These romances were stories in verse dealing with love, chivarly and religion, such as King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. The Normans also introduced a new way of looking at nature. Lyric was in ancient Greece,a poem accompanied by musical instrument usually a lyre.
The Ballads The ballads were anonymous poems; they were oral compositions that they were made by the people for the people and they were also accompanied by music and dances. Subject matter; Features over the centuries.
Created by: • Romina Gaziano (Historical and Social overview); • Roberta Scuoppo (Poetry in Anglo-SaxonLiterature); The End • Valeria Ferrara (Anglo-Saxon an Middle English Prose); • Giulia Pizzurro (The Black Death and the Ballads).
