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Adolescence

Adolescence. Unit 7. Puberty. Boys: Rapid growth Increase in muscle mass Development of the genitals Development of pubic, body, and facial hair First ejaculation Girls: Increase in height and weight Development of breast tissue Development of pubic hair First menses. Puberty.

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Adolescence

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  1. Adolescence Unit 7

  2. Puberty • Boys: • Rapid growth • Increase in muscle mass • Development of the genitals • Development of pubic, body, and facial hair • First ejaculation • Girls: • Increase in height and weight • Development of breast tissue • Development of pubic hair • First menses

  3. Puberty • Early Maturation: Maturing physically before peers. • Boys: POSITIVE! • “He’s the man!” • Girls: NEGATIVE! • “She’s boy-crazy” – makes no difference if she even dates • Can lead to a poor body image or eating disorders • Late Maturation: Maturing physically after peers. • Boys: NEGATIVE! • “He’s a wimp/geek/dork/etc” • Girls: Not nearly as bad!

  4. Cognitive Development • Piaget’s Formal Operation Thought brings… • Hypothetical Thought: The ability to think about hypothetical situations and potential consequences. • Deductive Reasoning: The ability to use logical steps to form specific conclusions. • Inductive Reasoning: The ability to form a general conclusion from specific experiences or facts.

  5. Cognitive Development • David Elkind’s theory of Adolescence: • Adolescent Egocentrism: A return to a state similar to egocentrism of childhood, where adolescents focus on themselves and nobody else! • Focus becomes predominately on what others might think of them.

  6. Cognitive Development • David Elkind’s theory of Adolescence: • Invincibility Fable: The belief that the bad things in the world will never happen to them. • DOES NOT mean that they actually think they are immortal or immune, just that they don’t think it would happen to them.

  7. Cognitive Development • David Elkind’s theory of Adolescence: • Personal Fable: The belief that their life is unique/heroic/mythical and that nobody has ever experienced what they are going through before. • Imaginary Audience: The belief that everyone is interested in them and their life, and that they are constantly being watched and evaluated. • Can cause teens to hyper-focus on things that really aren’t that important! • Ex. I can’t go to school today, EVERYONE will notice my bad hair day/acne/generic clothes/etc.

  8. Moral Development • Lawrence Kohlberg’sTheory of Moral Development: May be based roughly on the cognitive development of Jean Piaget. • Broken down into 3 Levels, with 2 stages in each level. • Tests to determine which stage the individual are in are dependent on responses to Kohlberg’s Dilemmas.

  9. Moral Development • Level 1: Pre-Conventional: Moral choices are based on reward and punishment. • Stage 1: Might Makes Right aka Punishment-Obedience • Obedience to authority is to avoid punishment, while still furthering self-interest. • Very young children • Stage 2: Looking Out For Number One aka Tit-for-Tat aka Quid Pro Quo aka You Scratch My Back, I’ll Scratch Your • Moral decisions are based on what the individual can get out of the situation. • Young/elementary aged children

  10. Moral Development • Level 2: Conventional: Moral decisions are based on laws and trying to appear “good” to others. • Stage 3: Good Girl/Nice Boy aka Conformity aka Instrumental Conformity • Moral decisions are based on what will make others like and approve of the individual. • Middle school aged children. • Stage 4: Law and Order aka Law of the Land aka Judgment • Moral decisions are based on being a good, law-abiding citizen. • Teenagers and many adults.

  11. Moral Development • Level 3: Post-Conventional: Moral decisions are based on using one’s own conscience to decide right and wrong. • Stage 5: Social Contract aka Social Conformity aka Social Contract and Individual Rights • Moral decisions are based on a social contract stating that the laws in place are for the greater good of society. Any deviance will violate this contract and could lead to chaos. • Only a small portion of society.

  12. Moral Development • Level 3: Post-Conventional: Moral decisions are based on using one’s own conscience to decide right and wrong. • Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles aka Universal Principles • Moral decisions are based on a universal values and rights that all individuals deserve. • Life, Love, Peace, Happiness, Property, Education, etc. • Only a handful of people have ever coded into this category.

  13. Moral Development • Gilligan continued Kohlberg’s theory, stating that.. • Girls tend to develop morals based on compassion and care • Boys tend to develop morals based on justice and judgment • This distinction starts to emerge in adolescence

  14. Identity Development • Adolescents go through Erikson's stages… • Group Identity vs Group Identity Diffusion • Identity vs Identity Diffusion

  15. Identity Development • James Marcia developed 4 Identity Statuses that adolescents move through. • Statuses are based on exploration of potential identities and commitment to the current identity.

  16. Identity Development

  17. Identity Development • Marcia stated that… • Identity achievement is the healthiest. • Moratorium is a normal state that all adolescents go through • Foreclosure and Identity Diffusion are unhealthy.

  18. Parental Influence • Permissive parents can lead an adolescent to lack confidence and be depressed. • Authoritative parents are the best for contributing to the development of freedom and unique identities. • A sudden switch from authoritative or permissive styles that allow children freedom to a controlling manner in adolescence can be highly damaging.

  19. Peer Influence • During adolescence, peers become one of the greatest influences on adolescents. • 3 Categories of Relationships • Individual Friendships: One-0n-one relationships with peers. • Crowds: A group of teens with similar interests with activities as their major base for contact • Cliques: A group of teens that stay together because of attraction and interpersonal relationships. • Cliques can be sub-groups within crowds.

  20. Adolescent Suicide • Suicidal Ideation: Excessive thoughts about committing suicide. • Depression: Feelings of extreme sadness that is not caused by current circumstances and lasts for longer than 6 weeks without abating. • Parasuicide: Deliberate acts of self-destruction that do not lead to death, but are designed to get attention or to manipulate someone.

  21. Suicide Prevention • Warning Signs: • Drastic, sudden decline in school performance or attendance • Giving away items that are emotionally precious to the individual • Withdrawal from friends and family • Running away • Talk of suicide • Attempted suicide

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