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Unit 2: Causes of the American Revolution

Unit 2: Causes of the American Revolution. Bell Ringer: What features describe the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies? Left Group: New England Center Group: Middle Right Group: Southern. What European countries had colonies in America?. Britain.

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Unit 2: Causes of the American Revolution

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  1. Unit 2: Causes of the American Revolution

  2. Bell Ringer:What features describe the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies?Left Group: New EnglandCenter Group: Middle Right Group: Southern

  3. What European countries had colonies in America? Britain Native Americans were also here trying to survive. France Spain

  4. Bell Ringer: What are the characteristics of the two sides in the war?1’s tell 2’s 2 things about the British2’s tell the 1’s 2 things about the French

  5. Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) • Conflict between Natives and frontier settlers • Governor Berkley (VA) wanted peace • Nathaniel Bacon attacked Native villages • Berkley and the House of Burgesses didnot support attacks • Bacon and his men marched to Jamestown • Threatened to kill the Governor and the H.o.B. members • Burned the Capital • Retreated after British forces arrive

  6. I. North America as part of the British Empire A. Colonies provide raw materials to England B. England controls American trade C. England fights with France & Spain for control of North America

  7. North America in 1750

  8. II. French & Indian War (1754-1763) A. France & England fight for control of Ohio Valley & Canada B. Early part of the war in western Pennsylvania 1. 1754 - Ft. Duquesne built by the French

  9. a. Major George Washington sent by Virginia to kick French out of P A i. Kills a French diplomat & builds Ft. Necessity b. GW defeated at Ft. Necessity - war begins

  10. Fort Duquesene

  11. Fort Necessity

  12. Domain of Three Nations What event is depicted in the painting? What three nations are represented in the painting? What is the underlying theme (message) of the painting?

  13. Fort Necessity Surrender Agreement Captain de Villers grants these terms to the British on July 3, 1754 It is not our goal to make trouble, but only to revenge the assassination of one of our officers and to stop the British from settling on our land. With this in mind we will allow the British to surrender based upon the following agreement: We allow the British to return peacefully to their colony on the other side of the Allegheny Mountains. We will allow them to take all their belongings, except their cannons. We grant them the “Honors of War” showing them that we thought they fought well and that we are still friends. As soon as this agreement is signed , the British will take down their flag. Tomorrow at daybreak we will take control of Fort Necessity. The British give their honor that they will not build a for or building beyond the Allegheny Mountains for one year from today. The British have 21 French prisoners captured at the time they assassinated Jumonville. In order to make sure that those French are returned safely to us, we will take Captain Stobo and Captain Van Braam with us as prisoners to Fort Duquesne. We will return both when the French prisoners are returned to us.

  14. 2. 1755 - GW returns with a larger British force a. commander - General Edward Braddock b. Braddock killed – mission fails

  15. C. Strategic locations captured by the British 1. 1758 - Ft. Louisbourg (St. Lawrence River) 2. 1758 - Ft. Duquesne (Ohio River) a. Rebuilt & named after the British leader, William Pitt

  16. 3. 1759 - Ft. Niagara (Great Lakes) 4. 1759 - Quebec (capital of New France) a. French led by Montcalm both killed b. British led by Wolfe c. Battle occurs on the Plains of Abraham

  17. Albany Plan of Union Attempted to create a single government to lead the colonies

  18. D. Treaty of Paris signed in 1763 1. France lost its empire in North America 2. Spain gained some land 3. British obtained MUCH land in North America a. Gained a £130 million debt b. Bitter feelings toward the colonists 4. Americans were united and began to not trust the British

  19. North America in 1763

  20. E. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) 1. Tension along the frontier a. Settlers went past the Proclamation Line of 1763 2. Pontiac and allies attacked settlements and forts in their areas

  21. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

  22. Proclamation of 1763

  23. Bell Ringer:What effect did the F&I war have on the relationship between the British and the American Colonists?

  24. British-American Colonial Tensions Methods ofFighting: • Indian-style guerilla tactics. • March in formation or bayonet charge. MilitaryOrganization: • Col. militias served under own captains. • Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. MilitaryDiscipline: • No mil. deference or protocols observed. • Drills & tough discipline. Finances: • Resistance to rising taxes. • Colonists should pay for their own defense. Demeanor: • Casual, non-professionals. • Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

  25. III. Crisis Over Taxes A. British Parliament thinks colonists should help pay off the debt caused by the F & I War 1. Sugar Act (1764) illegal to buy non- British sugar (ignored) 2. Stamp Act (Feb 1765) – taxed legal documents, newspapers, and other printed items

  26. Discussion Points:Were the British right to put taxes on the Colonists? How did the Colonists respond to the taxes that were passed?

  27. B. Colonists Respond 1. No Taxation Without Representation” – colonists don’t elect members to Parliament 2. Angry colonists protest sometimes violently 3. Boycott: colonists refuse to buy British goods 4. Stamp Act Congress (Oct 1765): meeting of delegates from 9 colonies – a. Send a petition to George III

  28. C. Parliament Responds 1. Boycott causes loss of income • a. Stamp Act repealed (1766) • 2. New idea for taxation: Townshend Acts • (June 1767) a. placed taxes on paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea b. colonists could produce these 3. British send troops to enforce these laws

  29. Discussion Point:What effect do the British Soldiers sent to enforce the laws have on the opinions of the colonists toward the British?

  30. Tar and Feathering

  31. IV. The Crisis Worsens A. The Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770) 1. Conflict between British soldiers and colonists 2. Colonists throw snow & ice at soldiers 3. Someone yelled “FIRE”& soldiers shot at the people 4. Five citizens killed including Crispus Attucks B. Townshend Acts repealed (March 5, 1770)

  32. Crispus Attucks

  33. The Bloody Massacre (March 27,1770) By Paul Revere

  34. The Boston Massacre (April 10,1770) By Henry Pelham

  35. The Boston Massacre (1868) By Alonzo Chappel

  36. Committees of Correspondence Purpose Warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br. Broaden the resistance movement.

  37. (CP) Summary Point:Write a short letter to the editor of the Boston Gazette in response to the Boston Massacre and the events surrounding it. Be sure to include your opinion on the course of action that should be taken.

  38. (GN) Summary Point:Bring in an example of propaganda from the media.(newspapers, internet, T.V., etc…) Be ready to explain why it is propaganda.

  39. Bell Ringer:Take out the example of propaganda.Share the example with the class and tell why it is propaganda.

  40. C. Tea Act (May 1773) 1. Colonists must buy tea from the British East India Company a. Monopoly on tea and cut out colonial businessmen 2. 3¢ per pound tax on tea, but it was cheaper

  41. D. Boston Tea Party (December 1773) 1. Colonists angry about the tax on tea 2. Protesters, led by Samuel Adams, threw 342 chest of tea into Boston Harbor

  42. Boston Tea Party (1773)

  43. CP Classes:Write a letter to the editor in response to the Boston Tea Party. 1’s will write as if they were supporting the Loyalist side. 2’s will write as if they were supporting the Patriot side.

  44. GN Classes:Write a 1 paragraph response to the Boston Tea Party and preceding events from a certain perspective. 1’s will write as if they were supporting the Loyalist side. 2’s will write as if they were supporting the Patriot side.

  45. E. Intolerable Acts (Spring 1774) – 1. Passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the Tea Party 2. Port of Boston closed until the tea was paid for (£9000) 3. Governor of MA replaced with a military general 4. Elected officials replaced with appointed officials 5. Colonists must provide housing for British soldiers

  46. Modern Cost of the Tea Party: £11,852,030.57 $23,729,767.20

  47. Discussion Point: Was the War Inevitable??

  48. V. The Road to War A. First Continental Congress (September 1774) 1. 12 colonies send delegates to Philadelphia 2. Purpose: restore peace, NOT declare independence Independence Hall

  49. 3. Agree on a course of action a. Ignore Intolerable Acts b. Continue boycott of British goods • c. Set up colonial militias • i. Citizen-soldiers trained to serve • in an emergency

  50. B. Fighting Begins: Lexington & Concord (April 1775) 1. Colonial militias have arms stored in Concord 2. British set out to capture these arms

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