Done by Gloria Hockins and Jacob Bacci

1. Crusades Done by Gloria Hockins and Jacob Bacci

2. Weapons used: Cross BowBows Spears Polearms Battle Axes Maces Billhook Caltrops Flail Halberd Longbow Pike Poleaxe Quarterstaff Warhammer Batons Scimitar

3. Cross Bow Cross Bows are used to shoot a long range. They are light weight and use very little strength. They Range from 350-400 Yards.

4. Bows The bows are made from wood and arrows are used in this process.

5. Spears Spears are used to throw at people and cut the skin open and causes uncontrollable bleeding. Also sometimes goes through the skin and the body and kills.

6. Polreams Used as a versatile weapon against knights on horseback.

7. Battle Axes Used as a close contact weapon in the early Medieval period of the Middle Ages.

8. Maces Used as a close contact weapon and also used from horseback.

9. Billhook This weapon originated as a cross between a broad curved knife which was hook shaped at the end and an axe. It was originally used as a farming tool Names of other types of billhook. Bill, Hook bill and Hand bill. Used as a versatile, close contact weapon

10. Caltrops The word "caltrop" comes from Old English word 'calcatrippe' and the Latin word 'calcitrapa' meaning "foot trap“. The method for using this weapon was to toss a handful of Caltrops at a targeted location and spread the small metal spikes over a large area.

11. Flail Both Knights on horseback and foot soldiers used flails. The Knights version of this weapon was generally smaller and lighter. The flail is a weapon used during the Middle Ages initially made of a spiked metal ball attached to a handle with a hinge or a chain.

12. Halberd This lethal weapon of the Middle Ages always had a hook or thorn on the back side of the axe blade for grappling enemies on horseback.

13. Longbow The length of the longbow therefore ranged considerably in size from 6 - 7 feet in length. The majority of Longbows were made from yew but ash, hazel and elm were also used

14. Pike Used as a versatile weapon against knights on horseback. The weapon was constantly developed and refined to include metal rims over the shaft making it even more effective against cavalry starting with knights on horseback . The pole, or staff, increased in length to become more effective fighting weapon

15. Poleaxe This weapon consisted of a broad, short axe blade mounted on a wooden shaft, or pole, which was between 4 and 5 feet long. The name of this weapon is derived from the word 'pollaxe' from old English word "head axe" - they were originally axes mounted on poles.

16. Quarterstaff This weapon had a wooden shaft, or staff, between 10 and 14 feet (3 and 4 meters) long, mounted with a steel head resembling a spear. Used as a versatile weapon against knights on horseback. The weapon was constantly developed and refined to include metal rims over the shaft making it even more effective against cavalry starting with knights on horseback . The pole, or staff, increased in length to become more effective fighting weapon.

17. Warhammer Used as a versatile, close contact weapon. The warhammer weapon could be mounted on either a long shaft or a short shaft.

18. Batons Batons, were the names of the swords which were used in Tournaments or training and were made of whalebone or wood. Wooden batons measured two and a half feet long. The length of batons were specified in a fifteenth century treatise on cries des joustes.

19. Scitmitar Used for slicing attacks and often used from horseback Scimitars had a distinct curved blade ending with a sharp point. The blades had two styles - long, narrow curved blades or deeply curved, very wide blades. The length of the blades ranged from 30 to 36 inches (76 to 92 centimeters).

20. Works Cited: http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/middle-ages-weapons.htm http://www.kyrene.org/schools/brisas/sunda/ma/1kyle.htm