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Flat panels detectors (FPDs)

Flat panels detectors (FPDs). I.I. vs. FPD. Low weight and dimension ). Pros of FPDs. Stability through device life. Better image quality. Non ideal trajectory. Irregular sampling step. Distorsion in C-Arm and correction. Off-line calibration required.

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Flat panels detectors (FPDs)

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  1. Flat panels detectors (FPDs) I.I. vs. FPD Low weight and dimension) ProsofFPDs Stability through device life Better image quality

  2. Non ideal trajectory Irregular sampling step Distorsion in C-Arm and correction Off-line calibrationrequired A calibration ring phantom with metal beads is used for calibration. Calibration should be performed for each used scan trajectory, since mechanical distortion is specific Calibration sets the correct correspondence between 2D projection and 3D position. It is repeated weekly.

  3. 3D Angiography Workstation Processing SSD (Surface Shaded Display) MIP (Maximum Intensity Projection)

  4. 3D Angiography Workstation Processing Surface vs. Volume Rendering Virtual Navigator

  5. 3D Angiography Workstation Processing Processing della workstation Coils and Clips Opposite to DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography), which deletes still objects, this algorithm does reconstruct high contrast objects not moving and varying during the scan and enhances them over the vascular anatomy Calibrated anatomycal measures

  6. 3D Angiography Risultati Immagine DSA standard Aneurismi multipli dell’arteria carotide interna Viste ottenute con Volume Rendering (differenti proiezioni) Aneurismi multipli dell’arteria carotide interna

  7. Dental FPD CT

  8. Multislice helical CT Giuseppe Gentil, Francesco Maffesanti, Massimo Molinari, 2005/06

  9. direction ofcontinuousbed shift multi-row detector array trajectory of the rotatingx-ray tube focal spot scan start

  10. multi-row detector array

  11. z axis multi-row detector array

  12. Reslicing

  13. Maximum intensity projection

  14. Rendering

  15. Navigation

  16. CRANIOPLASTICS • Application in the field of maxillo-facial surgery • Precise cranial CT scan • Import into specific SW environment; e.g., Mimics • (Materialize’s InteractiveMedicalImage • Control System) • Segmentation of skull • Vectorization into a CAD environment • Design of prosthesis • Construction by 3D rapid prototiping GANTRY TILT = 0°

  17. Segmentation by Thresholding

  18. Segmentation by Region Growing and regular contouring by NURBS Polinomial contours by NonUniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) 3D

  19. Application: from 3D virtual model to real model by rapid prototyping

  20. Application: design of prosthesis

  21. Rapid prototyping by stereo-lithography

  22. The polymer prototype is not directly used. Conversely, it is used as 3D model for fabrication or to create a mold (it stampo) were the final material is cast . Final material can be autologous or donor bone, hydroxyapatite, PMMA, Titanium silicon-rubber mold

  23. I Materiali I materiali usati finora per la cranioplastica sono stati molteplici, ma molti di loro sono stati abbandonati per diversi motivi: scarsa biocompatibilità, ridotta maneggevolezza nel modellamento, alto costo… I materiali maggiormente utilizzati oggi sono: Osso autologo Titanio Idrossiapatite PMMA La Cranioplastica

  24. Tecnica Chirurgica • Posizionamento paziente • Rimozione adesione pelle–dura madre La Cranioplastica

  25. 3. Applicazione acqua ossigenata (disinfettare e coagulare) La Cranioplastica

  26. Surgical implant of skull prosthesis

  27. ECG gating for Cardiac CT

  28. Small animal (rat) CT

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