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2/28/12

2/28/12. The Digestive System. The function of the digestive system is to convert food that you eat into energy. This energy can be used right away or be stored as fat to be used later. Protein Digestion. Protein digestion starts in the stomach.

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2/28/12

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  1. 2/28/12

  2. The Digestive System • The function of the digestive system is to convert food that you eat into energy. This energy can be used right away or be stored as fat to be used later.

  3. Protein Digestion • Protein digestion starts in the stomach. • An enzyme called pepsin breaks down the protein molecules in the stomach into shorter polypeptides. • When the protein molecules reach the small intestine, the pancreatic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin break down the polypeptides into oligopeptides. • Then the protein gets broken down into individual amino acids. • Finally, the capillary releases the amino acids into the blood stream.

  4. Carbohydrate Digestion • This digestion starts in the mouth with the enzyme salivary amylase and chewing of course. • Then, in the stomach the polysaccharides into disaccharides. • Then the smaller intestine completes this process with lactase, maltase, and sucrase turns it from disaccharides to monosaccharides. • The liver then absorbs the monosaccharides and uses them for energy.

  5. Physical Digestion • The process starts with bitingand chewing in the mouth. • Next is then churning of the stomach in which the stomach itself is designed to create maximum turbulence as it contracts to break down the food. • Lastly, the duodenum receives bile salts which dissolves insoluble lipids.

  6. Chemical Digestion • Chemical digestion is when digestive enzymes such as Collagenase, Nuclease Amylase, Lipase, Protease, and Trypsin break down large molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and other foods. • This is the most important part of digestion, which is the chemical breakdown of food for energy.

  7. Digestive Enzymes • Digestive enzymes are enzymes that break down the polymeric macromolecules into smaller parts in order for the body to absorb the energy for cellular survival. • Located in the stomach and in the lysosomes of cells.

  8. The Mouth The Esophagus Moves the food down from the mouth and into the stomach. • Here the food gets chewed into smaller pieces and then is swallowed.

  9. The Stomach The Pancreas The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients and the digestion in the small intestine. • This is where chemical processes take place and the food is broken down into even smaller pieces.

  10. Small Intestine Large Intestine Digests the rest of the food into energy and is then transported to the large intestine. • Its job is to absorb the remaining water from the food and then pass through the large intestine and to the anus and then be excreted.

  11. Irritable Bowel Syndrome • Irritable bowel syndrome is a symptom-based diagnosis categorized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and abnormality of bowel habits.

  12. Crohn’s disease • Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to anus. • Also known as regional enteritis.

  13. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crohn's_disease • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=541&tbm=isch&tbnid=wmnEDnLzeXAM5M:&imgrefurl=http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/what_crohns_disease_inflammatory_bowel_disease_000103_1.htm&docid=_F5jK3lfhcxi5M&imgurl=http://www.umm.edu/graphics/images/en/19219.jpg&w=400&h=320&ei=8D1NT7TyPIXCsQLiq5QZ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=640&vpy=189&dur=2621&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=153&ty=82&sig=113760521477347480570&page=1&tbnh=140&tbnw=175&start=0&ndsp=13&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0 • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=541&tbm=isch&tbnid=tFJsqycNxYk7fM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mdguidelines.com/crohns-disease&docid=7FmZt0_rngilDM&imgurl=http://www.mdguidelines.com/images/Illustrations/crohn_di.jpg&w=309&h=255&ei=8D1NT7TyPIXCsQLiq5QZ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=110&vpy=219&dur=702&hovh=204&hovw=247&tx=142&ty=162&sig=113760521477347480570&page=2&tbnh=156&tbnw=191&start=13&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:13 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=541&tbm=isch&tbnid=gMMVrq99hK-_vM:&imgrefurl=http://ibs-relief.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html&docid=FVkMHamq6gJb7M&imgurl=http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_E0nJOkQF3ro/TLoqa4aAfsI/AAAAAAAAAAU/CYo8Ar14Z1c/s1600/inflammatory-bowel-disease-indications-picture.jpg&w=400&h=320&ei=2UFNT_eGEcHjiALs05DDDw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=253&vpy=179&dur=1435&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=79&ty=103&sig=113760521477347480570&page=1&tbnh=141&tbnw=174&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:0 • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbnid=wqlDvSZfuxkdUM:&imgrefurl=http://ayurvedawellness.org/ayurveda/a-healthy-digestion-is-the-foundation-of-good-health&docid=yWO0CnZdYtNo5M&imgurl=http://ayurvedawellness.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/digestion.gif&w=357&h=428&ei=NvdOT_z5DJT0ggfOmbjSDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=404&vpy=162&dur=227&hovh=246&hovw=205&tx=130&ty=115&sig=108140825338432685818&page=1&tbnh=139&tbnw=116&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0 • http://www.hsc.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/digestive/digp6.htm • http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/images/atlas/digestionatlas.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/patient-education-materials/atlas-of-human-body/digestive-system.page&h=560&w=425&sz=53&tbnid=AUHLkgOKSFmAAM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=64&zoom=1&docid=jEad1ZxmtMU4MM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Yv1OT4KAComhgwf5rfDSDQ&sqi=2&ved=0CD0Q9QEwAg&dur=1163 • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbnid=RFJfTD4i_TDZDM:&imgrefurl=http://ibstreatmentcenter.blogspot.com/2011/03/role-of-immune-system-in-digestive.html&docid=OGTGombUk-oK-M&imgurl=http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-duG78k8Q_xI/TZSxjExkgsI/AAAAAAAABOw/-30flc_Snsc/s1600/Digestive-system-1.jpg&w=409&h=409&ei=t_1OT8SnL9LogQfr0Lz1DQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=622&vpy=319&dur=1816&hovh=224&hovw=224&tx=116&ty=139&sig=108140825338432685818&page=2&tbnh=146&tbnw=146&start=24&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:24 • http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP15806 • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=541&tbm=isch&tbnid=8iSVYws-qnPHCM:&imgrefurl=http://www.glucosanol.com/what-is-carbohydrates.htm&docid=k0f4kwMkd_UeBM&imgurl=http://www.glucosanol.com/images/carbohydrates-digestion.gif&w=410&h=500&ei=kgVPT7foEcP6ggeBzbG-DQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=218&sig=113760521477347480570&page=1&tbnh=148&tbnw=121&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&tx=78&ty=67 • http://instruct.westvalley.edu/granieri/bio45lipid2.pdf • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_enzyme • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=541&tbm=isch&tbnid=wTvp5449qzUM1M:&imgrefurl=http://www.lifeplusvitamins.com/Stomcommercial.html&docid=gfR0WyZYzLEeRM&imgurl=http://www.lifeplusvitamins.com/images/stomach-digestive-enzymes.jpg&w=450&h=463&ei=mf5PT4-aLtLqgQfD-v3ADQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=71&vpy=163&dur=160&hovh=228&hovw=221&tx=111&ty=122&sig=113760521477347480570&page=1&tbnh=88&tbnw=86&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0 • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=541&tbm=isch&tbnid=Zba8hW9IfzrIQM:&imgrefurl=http://www.medicalook.com/Mouth_diseases/&docid=Gt4fei45WZhzBM&imgurl=http://www.medicalook.com/diseases_images/mouth-diseases.jpg&w=400&h=325&ei=8ChQT6_LLYOSgwfc_eHCDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=395&vpy=187&dur=624&hovh=202&hovw=249&tx=102&ty=93&sig=113760521477347480570&page=1&tbnh=149&tbnw=182&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0 • http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=541&tbm=isch&tbnid=k3y7h8t8oCRCoM:&imgrefurl=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/throatdisorders.html&docid=kDHIliBIND1N0M&imgurl=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/throatanatomy.jpg&w=230&h=184&ei=cClQT_WVBMXUgAf8u7TdDQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=78&sig=113760521477347480570&page=1&tbnh=146&tbnw=183&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&tx=121&ty=52 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas • http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Intestine-diagram.svg/250px-Intestine-diagram.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_intestine&h=242&w=250&sz=23&tbnid=NQd-xea6YpfO7M:&tbnh=87&tbnw=90&zoom=1&docid=BeLL5BjZZJOzTM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lS9QT6y7Aa7EsQLfsdSlDg&sqi=2&ved=0CEkQ9QEwAg • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_intestine

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