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Down Syndrome

Down Syndrome. Introduction:. Down syndrome as a disease is found in many families nowadays. Therefore, I think it is part of one’s mission in life to enlighten others. In the following topic, I will try to represent the main information about this disease.

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Down Syndrome

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  1. Down Syndrome

  2. Introduction: • Down syndrome as a disease is found in many families nowadays. Therefore, I think it is part of one’s mission in life to enlighten others. In the following topic, I will try to represent the main information about this disease. • Down syndrome is a disease in which a chromosomal disorder by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It is a condition in which the extra genetic material causes delays in the way a child develops, Both mentally and physically.

  3. It is named after John Langdon Down, the British doctor who described the syndrome in 1866.

  4. Genetics: • Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality characterized by the presence of an extra copy of genetic material on the 21st chromosome. This extra chromosomal material can come about in several distinct ways. A typical human karyotype is designated as 46,XX or 46,XY, indicating 46 chromosomes with an XX arrangement typical of females and 46 chromosomes with an XY arrangement typical of males.

  5. Incidence: Graph showing probability of Down syndrome as a function of maternal age.

  6. Stages of Life : 1-Babies: Babies with Down syndrome often have poor muscle tone. Because they have a reduced muscle tone and a protruding tongue, feeding babies with Down syndrome usually takes longer. Mothers breast-feeding infants with Down syndrome should seek advice from an expert on breast feeding to make sure the baby is getting sufficient nutrition. Toddlers and older kids may have delays in speech and self-care skills like feeding, dressing, and toilet teaching.

  7. 2- school Children: Children with Down syndrome may be developmentally delayed. A child with Down syndrome is often slow to turn over, sit, stand, and respond. This may be related to the child's poor muscle tone. Development of speech and language abilities may take longer than expected and may not occur as fully as parents would like. However, children with Down syndrome do develop the communication skills they need.

  8. 3- Adolescence and adults with Down Syndrome: Like all teenagers, individuals with Down syndrome undergo hormonal changes during adolescence. Therefore, their bodies pass many changes as body growth, hair increase in certain parts in the body and a change in the voice. Many people with Down syndrome form meaningful relationships and eventually marry. Now that people with Down syndrome are living longer, the needs of adults with Down syndrome are receiving greater attention.

  9. The life expectancy for people with Down syndrome has increased substantially. In 1929, the average life span of a person with Down syndrome was nine years. Today, it is common for a person with Down syndrome to live to age fifty and beyond. In addition to living longer, people with Down syndrome are now living fuller, richer lives than ever before as family members and contributors to their community.

  10. Resources: • Book:Down Syndrome, Siegfried M. Pueshel, M.D., M.P.H. New York 1987. • Web sites: -en.wikipedia/wiki/Down Syndrome -Down Syndrome. in -familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/… /parents/Special/birth/870.html

  11. Done by: Ghazal Khayyat Section B

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