BiNus International Referencing Workshop

1. BiNus International Referencing Workshop English Language Services 20 April 2006

2. Aim of Workshop To teach students referencing styles and bibliography construction while providing students with useful reference guides for their future academic writing

3. English Language Services • John Honeyben – jhoneyben@binus.ac.id • Ext 137 • Amanda Patrick – apatrick@binus.ac.id • Ext 138 • http://binus.ac.id/bipd/ELS/ELS.html • English Clinic – 3.15pm – 4.15pm, Mon-Fri, by appointment

4. Scope of Workshop • 2 x 1 hour sessions • What is Referencing? • Why do we Reference? • When do we Reference? • Methods of Referencing • In Text Citation • Full Reference List • E-Sources • Bibliography • Footnotes / Endnotes • Common Abbreviations – Latin & English • Paraphrasing If time permits

5. What is Referencing? • Standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that are used in an assignment in a way that uniquely identifies its source

6. What is Referencing? • Standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that are used in an assignment in a way that uniquely identifies its source

7. Why do we Reference? • Acknowledge the source of others work • Avoid plagiarism accusations • Display a knowledge of current literature • Demonstrate support for your ideas, opinions and point of view • Provide examples or evidence to support own research • Allow readers to follow-up and read cited author’s argument

8. When do we Reference? • Within & at the end of the assignment when using: • Direct Quotations • Facts, Figures, Ideas & Theories – Not common knowledge • Information rewritten in your own words (paraphrase) • From books, journals, Internet, videos, radio, TV, lecture notes

9. Methods of Referencing • Harvard – aka Author-Date system • Oxford • APA • MLA • Chicago • Vancouver • Turabian • Differs between Universities/Faculties/Lecturer’s

10. APA / Harvard System • 1. In Text Citation • Short & Long Quotations • 2. Reference List • Complete list of all references at the end of the document

11. In-Text Citation (Short < 3 lines) • Short Quotations • Harvard / APA • Inverted commas around authors actual words • Author’s words incorporated in text Academic writers need to be cautious in their claims. In this respect, vague language is important as it ‘allows claims to be made with due caution, modesty and humility’ (Hyland, 1994 : 241).

12. Inverted commas Brackets surrounding reference Author’s Surname Year of Publication Page No. Full stop after bracket Example – Short Quotation Academic writers need to be cautious in their claims. In this respect, vague language is important as it ‘allows claims to be made with due caution, modesty and humility’ (Hyland, 1994 : 241).

13. In-Text Citation (Long > 3 lines) • Long Quotations • Harvard / APA • Indented from the margin • Different type size or style • Quotation marks omitted Jordan (1977 : 240) also draws attention to the necessity for being careful: A feature of academic writing is the need to be cautious in one’s claims and statements. In other words, you may indicated your certainty and commitment in varying degrees.

14. Intro Sentence No inverted commas Indented Font Size Smaller Example – Long Quotation Jordan (1977:240) also draws attention to the necessity for being careful: A feature of academic writing is the need to be cautious in one’s claims and statements. In other words, you may indicated your certainty and commitment in varying degrees.

15. Handout Flag A • Writer’s Block and Getting Started • Read and Identify Short / Long Quotations

16. Handout Flag B • Pg 102 – Activity A (Good Example) • Pg 102 – Activity B (Read / Identify)

17. Bibliography / Reference List • List of sources at the end of the essay • Reference List – Only those resources referenced in your assignment • Bibliography – All materials used to write the assignment • Alphabetical Order • Surnames, First Names or initials • Mc = Mac I.e before Madison

18. Handout Flag C • MU – Sample Reference List

19. Reference List • 1. Books • 2. Journals • 3. Electronic Sources

20. Referencing - Books • Second line of reference indented to highlight alphabetical order • Author’s surname • Author’s initials • Date (in brackets) • Title (underlined or in italics) • Place of publication • Publisher Wallace, M.J. (1980). Study Skills in English. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press

21. Referencing - Journals • Author’s surname • Author’s initials • Date (in brackets) • Title of Article • Name of Journal (underlined or in italics) • Volume Number / Issue Number • If known: season, month or page number West, R. (1994). Needs Analysis in Language Teaching. Language Teaching, 27(1) : 1-19

22. Handout Flag D • References and Bibliographies • Identify Referencing – Book / Journal • Practical Activity – p. 99

23. 5 Min BreakIn the Classroom!!

25. Referencing – E- Sources • www • Dawson, J.(2002), Referencing : Not Plagiarism. Retrieved October 31, 2002 fromhttp://studytrekk.is.curtin.edu.au/ • www (no author) • Referencing : Not Plagiarism, (2002). Retrieved November 13, 2002 from http://www.seadragons.com • www (no author/date) • Referencing : Not Plagiarism Retrieved November 13, 2002 from http://www.seadragons.com

26. Handout Flag E • Curtin University Reference Guide – Pg 4

27. Footnotes • Oxford Referencing Style • At the foot of each page (Vs in-text citation) • Numbered sequentially • Explains a word or an item • Adds special information / reference • Small number above the word

28. Handout Flag F • Sample Footnotes

29. Endnotes • Appear at the end of the essay / chapter • Continuous numbering throughout the essay 1. Beard, R.M. and J, Hartley (1984 : 4th ed.). Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. London : Harper and Row. 2. Hartley, J. and C.K. Knapper (1984). Academics and their Writing. Studies in Higher Education, 9 (2). 3. Jordan, R.R. (1983). Study Skills : Experience and Expectations. In G.M. Blue (Ed.) Language, Learning and Success : Studying through English. Developments in ELT. London : McMillan, Modern English Teacher and the British Council. 4. Northedge, A. (1990). The God Study Guide. Milton Keynes : The Open University.

30. Common Abbreviations Latin

32. Common Abbreviations English

35. Paraphrasing • Using your own words, to report someone else’s writing, while maintaining an academic style • Replication of topic sentences and keywords in the original text • Must be referenced • 4 skills • Changing Vocabulary • Changing Verb Form • Changing Word Class • Synthesis

36. Handout Flag G • Reading – Paraphrase p. 93 • Activity 1,2 & 3

37. Suggested Solution • Acty 1 – Smith and Jones (1991) discovered that the situation had …

38. Suggested Solution • Acty 2 – The problems caused by seminars were observed by Brown and White (1994)

39. Suggested Solution • Acty 3 – The conclusion of James and Harris (1984), that there was a need for note-taking practice, led to the development of appropriate exercise

40. You Should Have Copies of These ! • Synonym Book • Antonym Book • Thesaurus

41. Final Activity • In Text Citation • Paraphrasing • Reference List

42. Conclusion • What is Referencing? • Why do we Reference? • When do we Reference? • Methods of Referencing? • In Text Citation • Full Reference List • E-Sources • Bibliography • Footnotes / Endnotes • Common Abbreviation’s – Latin & English • Paraphrasing