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LC-3 Programming Examples: Multiplying and Summing Operations

Learn how to create programs for multiplying and summing numbers in LC-3 assembly language. Includes detailed examples and debugging tips.

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LC-3 Programming Examples: Multiplying and Summing Operations

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  1. The LC-3 – Chapter 6 COMP 2620 Dr. James Money COMP 2620

  2. Example 1: Multiplying • In this example, we consider a program that should multiply two numbers that are non-negative • This is needed since the LC-3 does not have a multiply instruction • The numbers are in R4 and R5 and the result should be stored in R2

  3. clear R2 add R4 to R2 decrement R5 R5 = 0? No Yes HALT Example 1: Multiplying x3200 0101010010100000 x3201 0001010010000100 x3202 0001101101111111 x3203 0000011111111101 x3204 1111000000100101 Set R4 = 10, R5 =3. Run program. Result:R2 =40, not 30.

  4. Single-stepping Breakpoint at branch (x3203) PC and registers at the beginning of each instruction Should stop looping here! Executing loop one time too many. Branch at x3203 should be basedon Z bit only, not Z and P.

  5. Example 2: Summing • In this example, we want to sum an array of numbers • The numbers start at location 0x3100 • There are 10 numbers • The result should be in R1 when the module finishes

  6. Example 2: Summing R1 = 0R4 = 10 R2 = x3100 x3000 0101001001100000 x3001 0101100100100000 x3002 0001100100101010 x3003 0010010011111100 x3004 0110011010000000 x3005 0001010010100001 x3006 0001001001000011 x3007 0001100100111111 x3008 0000001111111011 x3009 1111000000100101 R1 = R1 + M[R2] R2 = R2 + 1 R4 = R4 - 1 R4 = 0? No Yes HALT

  7. Example 2: Summing • Running the data below yields R1 = x0024,but the sum should be x8135. What happened? Start single-stepping program... Should be x3100! Loading contents of M[x3100], not address. Change opcode of x3003 from 0010 (LD) to 1110 (LEA).

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