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From Imitation to Generation - 50 Years of Science and Technology in Korea-

Jungho Sonu , Ph.D. Former President of Seoul National University Chair Professor of Myongji University. From Imitation to Generation - 50 Years of Science and Technology in Korea-. Three Stages in Technology Development in Korea 1960 - Present. The first stage.

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From Imitation to Generation - 50 Years of Science and Technology in Korea-

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  1. JunghoSonu, Ph.D. Former President of Seoul National University Chair Professor of Myongji University From Imitation to Generation-50 Years of Science and Technology in Korea-

  2. Three Stages in Technology Development in Korea 1960 - Present

  3. The first stage Imitation Stage (1960 – 1980)

  4. The birth of r and d concept • Established Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) 1966 To meet the needs from Industry Invited researchers from Abroad • Established Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) 1967 … First Ministry level Organization among Developing Countries

  5. Establish Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 1971 …… High Quality Masters and Ph. D. Programs • Passed Technology Development Law and Engineering Service Promotion Law 1972 • Improving R&D in Industrial Sector

  6. Established Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) 1977 • Established Number of Specialized Government Research Institutes In Specialized Field

  7. The Second StageInternalization Stage 1981-1990

  8. Realization of Importance of R&D CHANGE IN MARKET ENVIRONMENT • Korean Products became Competitive in World Market • No More Technology Transfer from Developed Countries • Cannot survive without leading technology • Insufficient Qualified Researchers from Abroad

  9. Internalization stage • Industry’s R&D Exceeded Government’s • New Daeduck Science Town Construction Launched • Success in Developing New Electronic Telephone Switching System

  10. Internalization Stage • Pohang Steel Co.(POSCO) Established POSTEC • Export of Korean Brand Automobile • Creation of Korea Research Foundation by Ministry of Education • Success of DRAM , First High End Technology in Korean History

  11. The Third StageThe Generation Stage 1991-

  12. enter into sector leading world high technology • Change in Environment Among Researcher • “CAN DO” Spirit and Confidence

  13. The generation stage • MOST INITIATIVES Long Term and Large Scale G7 Projects Center of Excellence (SRC, ERC ) 21st Frontier Project • Ministry of Education and Human Resource BK 21 Project ….Support graduate students • Strengthened MOST by Upgrading to Vice Prime Ministry-Level in 2007

  14. R and D Investment in Korea

  15. Trend of R&D Expenditure in Korea

  16. Number of researchers / 1000 employment

  17. Growth of Graduate Students in Korea

  18. Science &Engineering Students in Korea 1267000 706000 478000 234000

  19. Research Expenditure at Seoul National University

  20. Growth of Technical Paper at SNU

  21. Comparison of major country’s R&D PERFORMANCE

  22. R & D Expenditures of 5 countries

  23. Number of Researcher

  24. Distribution of R&D fund to Research Institutes

  25. Ratio of R & D to GDP

  26. Comparison among oecd countries

  27. 1950 - 2005 How Has Korea Been Changed?

  28. 1964, Seoul

  29. 2000, Seoul

  30. Economic Growth of Korea

  31. Economic Growth Rate

  32. Export and Import Korea in Bn US $

  33. Beautiful Turkey Jan. 2005 by J.h. sonu

  34. The Case of DRAM Development by Samsung Electronics

  35. 1st PERIOD: Birth of Semi-Conductor Industry (1965 – 1982) Simple Assembly Technology Simple Labor Intensive Manufacturing OEM Products Samsung merged Korea Semiconductor Co.

  36. 2nd Period: Challenge to World IT Market(1983 – 1993) • Develop large scale memory chip (64 K DRAM) • Parallel Development at Home and Abroad • Construction of Manufacturing Facilities on Time

  37. Gap Between Developed Countries and Korea

  38. Parallel Development of D Ramby Samsung Electronics

  39. Leading IT World (1994 – present) • No. 1 World Market Share in DRAM and NAND Flash Memory • Invest Neighboring Area such as Cell Phone and LCD • Create Synergy Effect with other neighboring Area 3rd Period:

  40. Clear and Confident Faith on Future Investment by Leader • Excellent Management of R&D and Human Resources • Expect Long Term Return from Investment Major Factors for success of Samsung Electronics

  41. National Academy of Engineering of Koreaselected10 Most Competitive Technology during Last 10 Years 1. DRAM and NAND Flash Memory Chips DRAM world market share : 60 % NAND Flash Memory world market share : 70% 2. CDMA System and Phone First Commercial Use in 1996 Domestic Use : 37 Million users Export : 150 Million Cell phones to the world

  42. 3. Liquid Crystal Display(LCD) Export(2005) Korea : 199 million unit Taiwan: 173 million unit Japan : 146 million unit Others : 7.4 million unit 4. Internet Online Game World Online Game Market : 3.4 billion US$ Korea Online Game Market : 0.85 billion US$ Korea Export to World : 0.39 billion US$

  43. 5. Super Scale LNG Carrier First Super LNG Carrier(250,000m³) Design and construction 80 % of World New Demand in 2005 is under construction in Korea 6. Automobile Design and Manufacturing Produced 3.47 million cars in 2004, world 6th Export Amount in 2004 : 32.7 billion US$ Korea has capability of design and manufacturing own engine and automobile

  44. 7. High Rise Building Technology Buj Dubai (800m,2005), Taipei Financial Center (508m, 2004), Petronas Tower (452m, 1998) were constructed by Korean company In year 2007, more than 35 billion US$ is expected from overseas construction including plant projects 8. 2nd Generation Lithium Battery 20% of World Market Share in 2005 Essential Parts for IT and Automobile Industry

  45. 9. Korean Standard Nuclear Reactor Power Generation by Nuclear Reactor covers 40% of Total Capacity of Korea (Total Installed Capacity 63,000Mw) 20 Nuclear Reactors being operated in 2005 which are designed, constructed and operated by Korean Technology 10. Iron and Steel Making Technology Energy Consumption reduced from 33MBtu/ ton -steel to 18mBtu/ton –steel First FINNEX Technology developed for commercial …..energy consumption from 18MBtu to 13 Mbtu. World 5th Capacity(12 bn US$), World 1st Operation Profit (34%) in 2004

  46. 1. The Creative Research Initiative Launched in 1997 57 CRI’s across the nation Support $500,000 /year 2. 21st Century Frontier R&D Program Launched in 1999 for 23 projects covering bioscience, nano-technology, space technology, environment and water resources, superconductivity technology, etc. Recent R and D Initiatives by government

  47. 3. National Research Laboratory Launched in 1999 Overall enhancement of national level research lab. Total 444 lab. Granted by $250,000 per year 4. Nanotechnology Development Plan 5. Bio 2000 6. Space and Aeronautic Program

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