Chapter 15 - Review Classification Systems

1. Chapter 15 - ReviewClassification Systems Charles Page High School Dr. Stephen L. Cotton

2. Chapter 15 - Review • Taxonomists try to create taxa that group organisms according to biological importance • From it’s name, you know that the organism Malus sylvestris must be in the species sylvestris • The order to which humans belong is primates

3. Chapter 15 - Review • In classification, families of plants are grouped into orders • If an organism is multinucleate and does not have it’s cells separated by cell walls, it is a fungi • In classifying organisms, the least clear-cut division is between the eubacteria and anarchaebacteria

4. Chapter 15 - Review • If you observe a multicellular organism whose cell walls lack cellulose, it is a fungi • If an organism is warmblooded, does it have to be a mammal? no • The common house cat is in the same genus as which of the following: mountain lion

5. Chapter 15 - Review • Birds, fish, and reptiles are classified as cordata • Multicellular algae are classified in the kingdom plantae • A heterotroph whose cell walls lack chlorophyll is a fungi • If an organism makes it’s own food, it must be a(n) autotroph

6. Chapter 15 - Review • Members of the kingdom Plantae are multicellular and autotropic • There is strong biochemical evidence that the earliest living things on Earth were prokaryotic • Homo habilis and Homo erectus are not in the same species

7. Chapter 15 - Review • Today, molds and yeasts are classified as fungi • From their scientific names, Zea mays and Allium cepa, you know that the two organisms are different genera • The organisms that led to the revision of Linnaeus’s original classification system were bacteria

8. Chapter 15 - Review • Present-day taxonomists attempt to group organisms according to their evolutionary relationships • Each of the following is important in classifying : developing embryos; analogous structures; homologous structures

9. Chapter 15 - Review • Differences in the structures of hemoglobin among animals resulted from mutations that must have occurred after the ancestors of the various species diverged. • Organic molecules that are almost identical from species to species are hemoglobin

10. Chapter 15 - Review • An animallike protist, unlike an animal, is unicellular • The most clear-cut division between kingdoms is between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic • An organism that is one-celled, has no nucleus, and has a cell wall without cellulose is a prkaryote

11. Chapter 15 - Review • The third smallest taxon in the Linnaean system of classification is the family • Hemoglobin is most similar in structure in which of the following: mammals and birds; amphibians and reptiles; fishes and frogs; dogs and lions

12. Chapter 15 - Review • If an organism is a protist, it must be a(n) eukaryote, unicellular • Today, molds and yeasts are no longer classified as plants • Humans and chimpanzees have DNA that differs in approximately 2% of the nucleotide sequences.

13. Chapter 15 - Review • Do organisms sometimes need to be reclassified from one taxon to another? yes • If you find an organism that is different from any known specimen, who has the privilege of naming it? You do • Did all organisms evolve from present-day prokaryotes? no

14. Chapter 15 - Review • Spirogyra crassa and Spirogyra nitida are different species • Scientists who classify organisms on the basis of similarities and differences between homologous structures are called anatomists • Unicellular algae are categorized as ______.

15. Chapter 15 - Review • The various taxa of plants may have evolved from plantlike protists. • Scientists have identified more than _______ species of organisms on Earth so far.

16. Chapter 15 - Review • The similarity between the chemical _________ in Felis leo and Felis tigris shows that the two species are closely related.