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Convergence of Previously Disparate Functions

Explore the convergence of previously disparate functions such as electronic document interchange, electronic funds transfer, and electronic data interchange in the realm of electronic commerce. Discover how this convergence is shaping the business, retail, and government sectors.

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Convergence of Previously Disparate Functions

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  1. Convergence of Previously Disparate Functions Electronic Document Interchange Electronic funds transfer (EFT) Electronic data interchange (EDI) Corporate digital library Information Sharing Marketing, advertising Electronic publishing Electronic Commerce Sales, customer support Collaborative work E-mail Fax Electronic messaging

  2. Attributes of Electronic Commerce Business/Retail Business/Industrial Government Request for quote procurement models of the Electronic Commerce Acquisition Program Management Office(ECAPMO) Electronic tax filing Economic census Reporting Just-in-time (JIT) ordering Evaluated Receipt settlement(ERS) Reference model for health care Automatic replenishment Efficient Customer Response(ECR) Storefront E-catalog Computer telephone integration Interactive TV Bulletin board system Automatic teller machine Kiosks Business Models Privacy Enhanced Mail Secure HyperText Transport Protocol(S-HTTP) Electronic stamps Secure Socket Layer(SSL) Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Security RSA Triple DES Key escrow Data Encryption Standard (DES) RSA X12.58 Internet Cable Service bureau Value-added networks Value-added networks Value-added banks Internet Direct connections Value-added networks Value-added banks Internet Communication Infrastructure Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) HyperText Markup Language (HTML) Info access to graphics, video, audio, and text EDIFACT ANSI ASC X12 UPC/EAN Industry guides Info access to text NIST ECAT Implementation Convention (C) Info access to text Data Management

  3. Scope of Electronic Commerce On-line Computer- aided collaboration On-line databases Computer conferencing and bulletin boards Workflow E-mail EDI EFT Store and forward Computer-to-computer automated exchanges Computer-aided people-to people

  4. Business • Global competition • Disregulation/regulation • Competition from new and • nontraditional players • Blurring of industry lines • Societal • Demand for convenience • personalization, quality • and value • Global interactions • Technology’s proliferation • into consumer markets • Marketing • Fragmentation of markets • Declining effectiveness of • mass media • New marketing and dist. • channels/interactive media • Technology • Microprocessor price/perf. • Open system & client/server • Increasing volumes of data • Internet • Data warehousing, MPP, • OLAP Changes and Drivers of EC

  5. Electronic Marketplace Electronic Marketplace Extends Reach Traditional EC External Systems and Processes Small and Medium Size Businesses Consumers ISPs OLSs Commercial Partners Banks Certif. Auth. Credit Cards E-Cash VANs ISPs OLSs Internal Systems and Processes External Network Interfaces/Security Interfaces Purchasing Sales & Mktg. Invoice Messaging Customer Support Human Resources Ordering Payment

  6. Digital Library of Document/Data Servers Local or Company-Specific Data Information Retrieval Third-Party Information Processing Tools/Services Web Browser Data and Transaction Management Browser Extensions Secure Messaging Electronic Payment Servers Electronic Commerce Architecture Third-Party Services Client Browser Web Server Functions

  7. Different Types of Electronic Payment Systems Payment Type Description Open exchange The most widely used payment method today. Credit card information is provided to a merchant via E-mail or Web page response without encryption or protection. Encrypted transmission of information between buyers and sellers over the Internet providing authentication by means of common software ( such as security- enhanced Web browsers. Secured linkage or presentation A trusted intermediary service that provides credibility for both buyer and seller, manages Internet-based transaction accounts, and either provides for the transfer of funds between accounts or for the authentication of the transaction with banks or credit card clearing facilities. Trusted third party A network-based replacement for the paper check that uses existing inter-bank clearing systems. Digital check Digital cash The use of digital tokens that represent secure currency (without double spending) and allow direct buyer-to-seller transfer of value.

  8. Web Payment Solutions Visa MasterCard First Virtual Credit-based IBM InfoMarket Clickshare NetBill CyberCash credit card CheckFree credit card FSTC Electronic Check Netcheque CyberCash Check Debit-based CyberCash Cybercoins DigiCash NetCash Digital currency Citibank <$5 Transaction Value >$50

  9. Electronic Commerce Standards Standards Area Internet and the World Wide Web HTML, HTTP, CGI, TCP/IP, FTP, SMTP, MIME, SSL, SGML, URL Value-Added Networks Asynch, Bisynch, X.25, SNA, APPN, X.400, X.435 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) ANSI X12, UN/EDIFACT Image Data GIF, JPEG Financial Payments ANSI X12.4 - #820, NACHA’s CCD+, CTX, SET, JEPI Security RSA, DES

  10. Internet Standards and Protocols for Electronic Commerce Name Description Organization Formal Standards and Protocols TCP/IP Underlying network transport protocols IETF SGML Markup language for text manipulation ISO, W3C, SGML Open HTML SGML application for hypertext manipulation; language most Web pages use W3C, SGML Open HTTP Protocol for transferring hypertext documents on the Web W3C URL Enables information addressing on the Web W3C File Transfer Protocol for information exchange IETF FTP MIME Multimedia E-mail standard and a building block for HTTP IETF Security Sockets Layer that allows for more secure communications; also a product from Netscape IETF SSL Core Internet protocol for sending and receiving E-mail IETF SMTP Common Gateway Interface CGI W3C

  11. Internet Standards and Protocols for Electronic Commerce Name Description Organization Vendor De Facto Standards Netscape Server API NSAPI Netscape Sun Java Programming language and environment for the Web ActiveX Microsoft products that enhance Internet Web pages, such as allowing for the inclusion of moving objects Microsoft SET Secure Electronic Transaction Standard MasterCard and Visa

  12. Key Electronic Commerce Infrastructure Providers Sector Vendors Electronic Market Managers AT&T Corp., CompuServe, GEIS, IBM, MCI, Communications Platform/Service Providers Digital Equipment Corp., HP, IBM, Silicon, Graphics, Sun Server/Software Developers BroadVision Inc., Microsoft, Netscape, Open Market, Spyglass Inc. CheckFree, CyberCash, DigiCash, Digital, First Virtual Holdings Inc., Harbinger Corp., MasterCard, Premenos, Sterling Commerce Inc., Visa Component Providers

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