1 / 30

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies. Chapter 16 Pgs 218-230. Overview. Basic principles of drugs Administration and distribution of drugs Drugs and receptors Prescription and medication orders Other common traditional forms of therapy Physiotherapy

ttuttle
Download Presentation

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies Chapter 16 Pgs 218-230

  2. Overview • Basic principles of drugs • Administration and distribution of drugs • Drugs and receptors • Prescription and medication orders • Other common traditional forms of therapy • Physiotherapy • Occupational therapy • Speech/language pathologist • Nutritionist/dietitian • Complementary or alternative therapies • Osteopathy • Chiropractic • Homeopathy • Aromatherapy • Asian concepts of disease and healing • acupuncture

  3. Basic Principles • Pharmacology • Sources of drugs • Natural • Synthesized

  4. Drug • Substances that alters biologic activity • Prescribed for many reasons: • To promote healing • To cure disease • To control or slow progress of disease • To prevent disease • To decrease risk of complications • To increase comfort level • As replacement therapy • To decrease excessive activity in body

  5. Drug Effects • Exerts therapeutic action by stimulating or inhibiting cell function • Block effects of biochemicals in tissue • Have physical/mechanical action • Classified by primary pharmacologic action and effect • Indications vs. contraindications • Side effects vs. adverse effects

  6. Specific Forms of Adverse Effects • Hypersensitivity • Idiosyncratic reactions • Iatrogenic reactions • Teratogenic • Interactions • Synergism • Antagonism • Potentiation

  7. Administration and Distribution of Drugs • 1st consideration is dosage • Amt required to produce specific desired effect in an adult • “loading dose” • Should not increase prescribed dose (Duh!) • Freq important in maintaining approp blood levels • Dosing schedule based on: • Absorption • Transport in blood • ½ life of drug

  8. Factors affecting blood levels

  9. Factors Affecting Blood Levels of Drug • Also dependent on individual’s: • Circulation • Age • Weight • Ability to metabolize and excrete drug • What organs have that responsibility? • Genetic factors • State of health/illness

  10. Administration and Distribution of Drugs • Drug enters body  blood  target site  exerts effect  metabolized & secreted • Routes for administration • Orally • Parenterally • Inhalation • Topical • Rectal

  11. Drug Circulation • Often bound to plasma proteins • Some of drug may follow different pathway • Enters target tissue/organ  ISF  exerts effect • Blood brain barrier

  12. Drug Absorption, Distribution, & Excretion

  13. Drugs and Receptors • Many in body • Respond to natural substances • Enzymes • Hormones • NT • Electrolyte • Many meds at receptor sites in cells or on cell membrane • Stimulate receptor (agonist) • Block receptor (antagonist)

  14. Drug Receptor Sites

  15. Prescription and Medication Orders • Prescription is a legal signed document • Must include: • Pt’s name, address, age • Prescriber’s name, address, identification • Date • Name of drug, amount, dosage, route, directions, # refills • Has chemical name, generic name, trademark name • FDA regulates • OTC • Official schedules

  16. Clinical Research • Preliminary studies • Trials • Research • Experimental group • Control group (placebo)

  17. Physiotherapist • Assess physical function and words to restore any deficit and prevent further dysfunction • Pts with acute neurologic, musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary disorders • Rehabilitation and long-term care

  18. Occupational Therapy • Provide a functional assessment of pt. capabilities related to normal activities of daily living (ADL) • Goal is to assist in max. func. & indep.

  19. Speech/Language Pathologist • Specialist in assessment and treatment of those with communication and swallowing problems • Infants  elderly

  20. Nutritionist/Dietitian • Advise to individuals and groups • On nutritional demands • Food management best suited to diagnosis • Consulted regarding extreme diets, anorexia

  21. Alternative Therapies • Considered to be on outside range of traditional Western medication • Many have roots in Asia • Emphasis on preserving healthy lifestyle • Holistic approach • Increase in usage • Varying degrees of training, professional regulation

  22. Osteopathy • Medical Drs. • Use traditional treatments and procedures • Also promote body’s natural healing processes

  23. Chiropractic • I love them!!!! • Based on concept that one’s health status depends on state of N.S.

  24. Homeopathy • Goal is to stimulate the immune system and natural healing power in the body

  25. Aromatherapy • Essential oils extracted from plants • Rubbed on skin, inhaled • Chamomile  calming, sleep-inducing • Lavender  soothe headache, calming • Eucalyptus  stress reliever • Rosemary  relieves muscle and joint pain

  26. Asian Concepts of Disease & Healing • Based on balance (or imbalance) of life energy • Called qi • Disease caused by excess/deficit of qi • Qi derived from three sources • Inherited or ancestral factors • Food ingested • Air breathed in

  27. Asian Concepts • Imbalance between yin and yang • Caused by changes in • Diet • Stress • Metabolism • Activity • Environment

  28. Asian Concepts • Meridians • Specific channels in body • Qi flows along them • May be located far from organ from which it is named • All bilateral except: • Midline anterior (conception vessel) • Midline posterior (governor’s vessel)

  29. Asian Concepts • Acupoints • To access qi and it’s flow • Each has specific action or property • Moving qi or blood, decrease pain, heating, cooling, drying, calming, emotions • Disharmony may involve many acupoints and meridians

  30. Acupuncture • Chinese therapy (3000 years old) • Involves inserting very fine needles into merdian acupoints • Classically 365 acupoints • Only 150 used today • Each point has specific therapeutic action • Treatment • 5-15 needles • Connected to low-level electrical current • Period of 30-45 min

More Related