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human activity

agriculture. urbanization. industry. watershed devegetation. riparian devegetation. forestry & silviculture. mining & resource extraction. water withdrawals. human activity. ↓ groundwater inputs. ↓ surface water inputs. channel alteration. ↑ overland transport efficiency.

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human activity

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  1. agriculture urbanization industry watershed devegetation riparian devegetation forestry & silviculture mining & resource extraction water withdrawals human activity ↓ groundwater inputs ↓ surface water inputs channel alteration ↑ overland transport efficiency ↑ surface runoff ↑ discharge regulation ↑ discharge into surface waters Δ channel morphology additional step in causal pathway source Δ physical habitat Δ structural habitat LEGEND other stressors Δ discharge patterns Δ water depth Δ water velocity Δ magnitude, frequency of low discharges ↑ daily discharge variability Δ discharge pattern timing or sequencing proximate stressor Δ magnitude, frequency of high discharges ↓ seasonal discharge variability Δ discharge duration interacting stressor Simple conceptual diagram for FLOW ALTERATION Developed 7/2007 by Kate Schofield & Rick Ziegler; modified 7/2010 response ∆ ecosystem processes ∆ population & community structure

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