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Understanding Hormones and Feedback Systems in Animal Behavior

Explore how animals' behavior is influenced by temperature, hormones, and feedback mechanisms in the endocrine system. Learn about the types of hormones, signaling pathways, and the regulation of homeostasis.

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Understanding Hormones and Feedback Systems in Animal Behavior

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  1. Ch. 40 Warm-Up • What type of behavior in animals might be triggered by cold temperatures? • What type of behaviors might be triggered in hot temperatures? • List 2 examples of negative feedback. List 2 examples of positive feedback. • What is the main type of chemical messenger in the endocrine system? The nervous system?

  2. Ch. 45 Warm-Up • Compare peptide hormones to steroids. • Explain how insulin and glucagon work to regulate blood sugar levels. • Which glands and hormones respond when your body is under stress?

  3. Chapter 45Hormones and the Endocrine System A hormone called ecdysteroid regulates the timing of metamorphosis in this anise swallowtail butterfly.

  4. You must know: • Two ways hormones affect target organs. • The secretion, target, action, and regulation of at least 3 hormones. • An illustration of both positive and negative feedback in the regulation of homeostasis by hormones.

  5. Types of Intercellular Signaling Do you remember these?

  6. Endocrine System= Hormone-secreting cells + Tissues • Endocrine glands: ductless, secrete hormones directly into body fluids • Hormones: chemical signals that cause a response in target cells (receptor proteins for specific hormones) • Affects 1 tissue, a few, or most tissues in body • Or affect other endocrine glands (tropic hormones) • Regulation by Positive & Negative Feedback

  7. https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/4ae0bda8-cb27-4438-8176-d47f1e6be68c/?hasLocalHost=Truehttps://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/4ae0bda8-cb27-4438-8176-d47f1e6be68c/?hasLocalHost=True Discovery Video: Endocrine System

  8. Types of Hormones Peptide Steroid Lipid-soluble Enters cell & binds to intracellularreceptors Causes change in gene expression (protein synthesis) Slower response Longer life Eg. androgens (testosterone), estrogen, progesterone, cortisol • Water-soluble • Bind to receptors on plasma membrane& triggers signal transduction pathway • Affects protein activity already present in cell • Rapid response • Short-lived • Eg. oxytocin, insulin, epinephrine

  9. Peptide OR Steroid Hormone? Peptide Hormone Steroid Hormone

  10. Epinephrine: one hormone  many effects • Liver cells break down glycogen and release glucose • Blood vessels to skeletal muscles dilate • Blood vessels to intestines constrict

  11. Master Glands Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland

  12. Master Glands • Receives info from nerves and brain • Initiates endocrine signals Hypothalamus • Posterior pituitary gland: • Oxytocin: contract uterine muscles, eject milk in nursing • Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): promote H2O retention by kidneys Pituitary Gland • Anterior pituitary gland: • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): development of ovarian follicles (eggs); promote sperm production • Luteinizing hormone (LH): trigger ovulation; stimulate testosterone production in testes

  13. Hypothalamus regulation of Posterior Pituitary gland

  14. Hypothalamus regulation of Anterior Pituitary gland

  15. Negative feedback systems: • Thyroid hormones • Blood Ca2+ levels • Blood glucose levels • Positive feedback system: • Oxytocin (birthing process; release of milk/suckling)

  16. POGIL: Control of Blood Sugar Levels • Work together in your groups. • You will NOT be turning this in…rather I will check for completion. • You will get your grade from a short Quiz AFTER the POGIL.

  17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X78C5ajmKJs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlHez8gwMgw BIOFLIX: HOMEOSTASIS – BLOOD SUGAR

  18. CFU • No talking. • Put POGIL away. • No electronics. • Turn it over face down when you are finished.

  19. Insulin & Glucagon: Control blood glucose levels

  20. High blood glucose Control of Blood Glucose Body cells take up glucose Liver stores glucose as glycogen Insulinreleased from pancreas Liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into blood Blood glucose drops Glucagonreleased from pancreas

  21. Diabetes Mellitus • Type I diabetes (10%):deficiency of insulin • Insulin-dependent • Autoimmune disorder  beta cells of pancreas destroyed • Type II diabetes (90%): failure of target cells to respond to insulin • Non-insulin dependent • Insulin produced  cells don’t respond (defect in insulin receptor or response pathway) • Risk factors: obesity, lack of exercise

  22. Thyroid Gland Hypothalamus Graves’ Disease: • Autoimmune disorder • Antibodies bind to TSH receptor • Hyperthyroidism • High temp, sweating, weight loss, high BP TRH Anterior pituitary TSH Thyroid T3 T4

  23. Stress and the Adrenal Gland

  24. Good Morning! • Have your WARM-UP finished and turned in the tray by 12:50 • Read the HOMEWORK assignment on the board (you will get this packet soon). • Be sure to order your Survival of the Sickest book ASAP.

  25. POGIL ENDOCRINE SYSTEM & HORMONES • Choose a partner to complete paper with. • Raise your hand when both partners are finished. (20 min)

  26. HOMEWORK • Read closely!!!!! Annotate as needed!!!! This is a replacement for reading the chapter so make it count. • Answer all questions along the way and at the end. • Due Friday.

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