AGENDA for 03/07/19

1. AGENDA for 03/07/19 • Class Exercise • Finish up with Alibi’s from Criminal Law • Your first short quiz (10) questions is a week from today. Study chapter 1-2 • Lecture on Policing

2. TYPES OF DEFENSES • Alibi • Justification- • Excuse- • Procedural Defense-

3. Al·i·bi A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a criminal one, is alleged to have taken place Offer an excuse or defense for (someone), especially by providing an account of their whereabouts at the time of an alleged act.

4. ALIBI

5. ALIBI

6. ALIBI An example, if an individual is charged with robbing a convenience store at 8 p.m. on a Friday, and a waiter at a restaurant testifies that the individual was eating a leisurely meal at the restaurant at the time of the theft, the accusations against the defendant may be abandoned because of the strong alibi. The defendant’s dining companions can also provide a helpful alibi by testifying that they were with the accused person at the time of the alleged crime.

7. An Alibi Must be Disclosed Before Trial Under normal circumstances, a defendant with a potential alibi must inform the prosecution about his alibi evidence before the start of the trial. A skilled criminal attorney will know about the alibi rules in their state and will make sure that the defendant discloses alibi evidence prior to the hearing. After it has been revealed that the defendant has an alibi, the prosecution will investigate the evidence to see if the alibi is credible. In the example above, the prosecution would question the waiter. If it turns out that the waiter was not working on the night in question, prosecutors will use that fact at trial to discredit the alibi evidence.

8. Justification • Self Defense • Necessity • Defense of Others • Defense of home and property (Non-Deadly) • Resisting unlawful arrest

9. EXCUSE • Duress • Age • Mistake • Involuntary Intoxication • Insanity • Diminished capacity • Mental Incompetence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOnaqeVN20g

10. PROCEDURAL DEFENSE • Entrapment • Denial of speedy trial • Double Jeopardy • Prosecutorial misconduct • Police Fraud https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGdt0QR55Ko

11. New laws Should police officers have to disclose their personal information? http://enewspaper.latimes.com/infinity/article_share.aspx?guid=3abb70a1-4fb1-479f-b019-ccd45150ccf7

12. Police work can be dangerous

13. Police Officers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNUi034n5XY

14. Chapter Four Policing What is the mission of police? There are five (5):

15. Mission of Police • Enforce the law • Apprehend Offenders (criminals) • Prevent Crime • Preserve domestic peace and tranquility • Provide the community with needed enforcement-related services

16. Enforcing the Law • Enforcing the law is not their only job a) investigating non-emergency public service calls b) Controlling traffic, and c) Traffic Enforcement (writing citations) Enforcing the law-  it is most frequently applied to those who directly engage in patrols or surveillance to dissuade and discover criminal activity, and those who investigate crimes and apprehend offenders,

17. Enforcing the law Cont’d Police Purposes Enforce and support the law Serve the community Investigate and apprehend offenders Ensure peace and tranquility Prevent crime

18. AGENDA for 03/12/19 • Your first short quiz (10) questions is this Thursday, Study chapter 1-2 • Finish up with the Lecture on Policing

19. Apprehending Offenders During an investigation, gather information, leading to an arrest To arrest (someone) for a crime : to catch (a criminal or suspect) Criminal Investigation-processing the crime, the scene, interviewing witnesses or suspects Include how, i.e. composites, media How can the media help? Next slide https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgzdhUAJrBA

20. Composite Drawing Composite drawing is the most widely known application of forensic art.Composite drawing uses descriptions given by witnesses to create a drawing that is a useful tool for identifying or eliminating a suspect

22. Media Press Conference We identified victims to the public

23. Criminal Investigation The process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible when a crime occurs

24. Preventing Crime • Various ways to prevent crime • Community watch • Security camera, lighting, metal bars, theft-deterrence devices • LAPD has a website on various crime prevention tips http://www.lapdonline.org/crime_prevention/content_basic_view/1175

25. Preserving the Peace Not only on calls of a fight while on patrol, law enforcement officers keep the peace at parades, public demonstrations, and picketing strikers.

26. Preserving the Peace cont’d A model of policing based on the notion that physical decay, such as litter and abandoned buildings, can breed disorder in the community. Encouraging the repair of rundown buildings and controlling disorderly behavior in public spaces, police agencies can create an environment in which serious crimes cannot easily flourish

27. Broken Window Theory cont’d

28. Providing Services • City of San Marino provides many services including, • Residents of San Marino having a party at their house. Can hire San Marino Police Officers to work at the event to provide security?Contact City Hall at 626-300-0700 to obtain general information, including costs. • Residents going on vacation. Does the Police Department have a program to keep an eye on their house?Yes. For a fee of $5 per day, a police employee will check the exterior of your house for security on a daily basis. The employee will also remove newspapers and mail that might indicate to a burglar that you are away and take your trash cans in. Source: http://www.cityofsanmarino.org/FAQ.aspx # 25, Police Section

29. Important Issues Always known where your at Example from training officer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udlIvrALbCQ

30. Law Enforcement Agencies Federal Multiple agencies State California Highway Patrol Local Police Departments Sheriff’s Departments

31. Federal Bureau of Investigation

32. FBI The Mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal and international agencies and partners

33. Requirements of FBI • Candidates must be at least 23 years old, but younger than 37 at the time of appointment. Veterans, however, may be granted an age waiver if they are older than 37. • Candidates must be a United States citizen or a citizen of the Northern Mariana Islands. • Candidates must hold a four-year degree from a college or university accredited by one of the institutional associations recognized by the United States Secretary of Education. • Candidates must possess a valid, U.S. driver’s license. • Candidates must have completed at least three years of professional work experience

34. State Agencies • Most states in our nation have a state police agency. One of the oldest is the Texas Rangers who were established in 1835 California has many state agencies. See Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) https://www.post.ca.gov/le-agencies.aspx

35. California State Agencies California Highway Patrol • Office of the Attorney General • California Department of Justice • California Bureau of Investigation • California Bureau of Narcotic Enforcement • California Bureau of Forensic Services • California Bureau of Gambling Control • California Bureau of Firearms • California Alcohol Beverage Control • California Department of Corrections • California Department of Fish&Game

36. California Highway Patrol https://www.chp.ca.gov/home

37. California Law Enforcement There are many to choose from: https://golawenforcement.com/state-law-enforcement-agencies/california-law-enforcement-agencies/

38. Other Federal Law Enforcement Agencies

39. What does it mean to be Sworn? An Oath Sworn peace officer " I, ___________________________, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties upon which I am about to enter. 

40. Local Agencies Cont’d City Police Officers (Responsible for city) County Deputy Sheriff’s (Responsible for unincorporated areas in the county, + jails and most courts) Sworn Officer- A law enforcement officer who is trained and empowered to perform full police duties, such as making arrests, conducting investigations, and carrying firearms City Police have a Chief which is an appointed position. County’s have a Sheriff who is an elected official

41. Local Agencies cont’d • Campus Police • Airport Police • Housing Authority • Transit Police • Tribal Police • Coroners or Medical Examiners • Coroner Investigators • Marine Patrol

42. Private Protection Services • Work for a Corporation • Private Security has grown over the years, they cover • Sporting events • Private, gated communities • Commercial buildings • Private Schools • Grocery stores, and most retail stores • Private events such as weddings, large parties Can anyone else think of one? Celebrity Body guards

43. International Police • International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)

44. INTERPOL Headquarters in France • Began operation in 1946 • Interpol is linked to all major U.S. computerized criminal records, including the FBI’s (NCI) National Crime Index • Interpol’s primary purpose is to act as a clearinghouse for information on offenses and suspects who are believed to operate across national boundaries

45. INTERPOL • Its principal services are to provide its 188 member nations with information on the whereabouts of international criminals, to organize seminars on scientific crime detection, and to facilitate the apprehension of criminals.It does not apprehend criminals directly; Interpol has no officials who do policing or criminal investigative work. 

46. LAPD “HITMAN” HITMAN, an acronym for Homicide Information Tracking Management Automation Network Example of what the system can do: Can almost instantly scan reports on 3,800 homicides committed in Los Angeles since 1983, and can be asked 98 different questions about each death, i.e. weapons, elderly killed in arson fire etc. New technology https://enewspaper.latimes.com/infinity/article_share.aspx?guid=b6b81e4a-4b1e-495f-854f-8ef4a8a09bf2

47. AGENDA for 03/19/19 Return Quiz #1 and review Finish up with lecture on police, i.e. cops Chapter on corruption in law enforcement

48. Cops Where does the word cops come from? One of the most common theories suggests that it is an acronym for "constable on patrol," but there is no historical or etymological evidence to back up this interpretation. Most acronym-based words entered the language in the 20th century, and police officers have been called cops or coppers for much longer. Another common misconception is that the term refers to copper buttons that an officer would wear on his uniform, but this is similarly unsupported by any historical evidence. et·y·mol·o·gy- shown by tracing its development since its earliest recorded occurrence in the language where it is found,

49. Cops cont’d • Police officers have been called coppers since at least 1846, and by 1859, the shortened term entered common use. Before 1846, police officers in England were referred to as "Bobbies," named after Sir Robert Peel, the creator of the first Metropolitan Police force in London in 1828.  one definition "cop" is to seize — as in apprehending a culprit.

50. A history of the American Police This is not in our text book, I just want you to have this information