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AHS Overview. Purpose of the AHS Sampling plan Sample characteristics Questionnaire Working with longitudinally linked AHS data Tools. American Housing Survey. AHS: Purpose. Provide national and major metro area housing data between the censuses
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AHS Overview • Purpose of the AHS • Sampling plan • Sample characteristics • Questionnaire • Working with longitudinally linked AHS data • Tools American Housing Survey
AHS: Purpose • Provide national and major metro area housing data between the censuses • Conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)Official • Household survey of housing conditions and housing markets • More detailed housing data • Analyzing the flow of households through housing
AHS: Target Population • All Housing Units • Apartments • Single-family homes • Mobile homes • Assisted living units • Vacant units • 50 States and District of Columbia
AHS: Sampling Plan • Stratified multistage probability sample of housing units • Use Frame and Primary Sampling Units (PSU) developed for CPS • Since 1985, use sample selected from 1980 Census • Same core sample since 1985, providing a panel on flow of households through housing • Additions of new housing units follows CPS procedures
AHS: Sample Characteristics • National sample covers on average 55,000 housing units • Each metropolitan area sample covers 3,000 or more housing units • Weights derived by controlling survey to independent estimates of housing units, based on Census 2000
National Sample Odd-numbered years Throughout the country (Includes the 6 largest cities -- every other time) Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York, Northern New Jersey, Philadelphia About 50,000 homes 41 Metro Areas Even-numbered years on a rotating basis about 13 each year About 3,000 homes per metro AHS: Sample Characteristics
AHS: Coverage Issues • Units constructed without permits in permit-issuing areas • New Structure • Conversions/Mergers • Mobile Homes
AHS: Data Collection • National data are collected in odd numbered years • Data for each of 47 selected Metropolitan Areas are collected currently about every six years • Data on 6 largest metro areas collected every four years
AHS: Data Collection • Personal visit or telephone interview using laptops. • Questions are asked of any knowledgeable adult (16+ years) household member • If vacant then questions asked of landlord, rental agent or knowledgeable neighbor
AHS: Data Collection • Content areas include: • Household • Housing Unit • Equipment and Facilities • Housing costs • Housing and Neighborhood Quality • Previous residence for recent movers • Alterations and Replacements
Neighborhood Quality and Problems • 68.7 % of households rate their neighborhood 8 or better, out of 10. • 6.7% live in gated communities (walls or fences). • Whether neighborhood has crime, odors, noise, litter, and whether it is bothersome. • Satisfaction with public transportation, shopping, schools, police. • Neighborhood buildings abandoned or with bars on windows.
AHS: Missing Data • Critical items imputed using the cold or hot deck procedure • Non-critical items coded with reason missing
AHS: Weighting • Housing Unit weights for National Sample • Product of 9 factors dealing with • Probability of selection (initial sampling rate) • Adjust for non-response • Adjust for non-self-representing PSUs • Adjust for new and old construction • Control to Census Bureau HU Estimates
Working with Longitudinally Linked AHS Data • Same as CPS, the physical housing unit, and not the household is the object of the sampling plan • A public use control number, scrambled from the master file control number, can be used to match record of housing unit over time
AHS: Data Products • Published books • U.S. Census Bureau - Customer Service • HUD User (www.huduser.org) • Superintendent of Documents • Microdata • Census Bureau’s Ferret System • HUD’s website in downloadable format • CD Rom - • Census Bureau - Customer Service • HUD User
Geography for Metropolitan data products • For each of the 47 cities • 3 sub-areas • Usually a central city • 2 largest counties • Zones (microdata) • (Census tract groups of 100,000 population)
Related Data • CINCH • Components of inventory Change • Construction, Demolitions, Conversions • Based on AHS • Latest is 1980-1993 (Census) 1985-2001 (HUD) • Property Owners and Managers Survey (POMS) 1995 • Survey of landlords of AHS rental units • Finances, management practices, maintenance
Related Data • New York City Housing and Vacancy Survey • Very similar to AHS but more detailed info on rent regulation status • Large Sample (16,000) every 3 years • More geographic detail (55 sub-boro areas) • Reports: Census, NYC, NYU • Census. http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/nychvs.html • The New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development. http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/hpd/html/for-researchers/housing-vacancy-surveys.html • The New York University Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy produces, "The State of NYC's Housing and Neighborhoods." http://www.law.nyu.edu/realestatecenter/SOC_intro.htm
AHS: On HUD website www.huduser.org • 1997 - 2005 AHS files for downloading • (SAS and ASCII versions) • Summary statistics for 1997 - 2005 • A codebook for the survey • Links to the Census Bureau website • Information for ordering reports
AHS: On Census Bureau website • PDF versions of AHS reports since 1973 • Access to the microdata for extracts • FERRET system access for • Creating user-specified tables • Descriptions of the surveys • Historical changes • Definitions of concepts and variables • Sample design, sizes, and weights • Census AHS Branch: 301-763-3235
Tools • HUDUSER for public use data, documentation, and “file flattener” • DataFerrett extracts and tabulations
RDC Files and Use • Many AHS samples available on the RDC network • No suppressions • Full geography • Files very similar to public use files
AHS: Research Questions • Housing Rehabilitation and American Cities • Estimates of rehabilitation needs (Millennial Housing Commission Report) • Worst Case Needs (HUD) • High rent burdens • Substandard housing • Housing Profile: Out Of Order (Census) • Census report on equipment breakdowns, leaks, etc. • The Value of Owner Occupation in Neighborhoods • Spillover effects of homeownership on property values of neighbors (Journal of Housing Research)