Chapter 2: Sections 3-4: pp. 66-79

1. Chapter 2: Sections 3-4: pp. 66-79 From the Articles of Confederation to the US Constitution and the Challenges of the First Administrations

2. Successes of AOC • Created a Republic • Land Ordinance of 1785 • Surveyed the NW territories • Sold territories to pay for the war • Encouraged settlement in the NW territory • Set land aside for education and religion. • See pages 72-73

5. The 1785 Land Ordinance Today

6. NW Ordinance 1787

7. Weaknesses Outweighed the Successes • Only one branch – legislative • However required 9 of 13 votes to pass a law • No executive branch to enforce laws • No judicial branch to arbitrate disputes • Unanimity required to amend the AOC • States did not want a strong national gov • Deliberately wanted to keep it weak and the states stronger. • National gov was unable to pass or collect taxes

8. Shay’s Rebellion • Hero of Battle of Bunker & Saratoga • Returned home to farm but couldn’t pay his taxes because he was never paid for his army service. • When banks tried to foreclose on his property he led rebellion. • Shay’s Rebellion convinced nation that AOC was too weak and that we needed a stronger national government

9. Constitutional Convention • First issue @Convention dealt with Representation • Virginia Plan • New Jersey Plan • Great Compromise Second Issue was Representation of Slaves Three-Fifths Compromise Federalism Enumerated or delegated powers of fed’lgov Reserved powers to the states

10. Checks & Balances • Built in the Constitution to prevent any one branch or power from dominating the others. • 3 branches • Federalism • Bill of Rights • Congress • Judicial Review All examples of C/B

11. Separation of Powers • Legislative Branch – makes laws • Executive Branch – enforces the laws • Judicial Branch – Interprets the laws

12. Federalism • Division of power between the states and the federal government. • Enumerated powers are those given to the federal government • Reserve powers belong to the states • This is also a check and balance

13. Federalists & Anti-federalist • Federalists supported the Constitution. • Alexander Hamilton, John Jay & James Madison wrote essays called the FederalistPapers in favor of ratification. • Anti-federalists opposed ratification

14. Bill of Rights • Anti-Federalists refused to ratify the Constitution without a Bill of Rights. • Federalists didn’t think it was necessary but agreed. • Purpose of BOR was to protect individuals from national government

15. Amendments • The only way to change the Constitution is through the amendment process. • Congress or 2/3 of states can propose amendment • Needs to be ratified by ¾ of states • Not easy to pass amendment • There have only been 27 • Amendments are one way that the Constitution can change with the times

16. Ratification

17. Washington Administration Ms. Garratt thinks I was the greatest president. Honk if you agree • Civic Duty • First cabinet • Hamilton • Excise • National Bank • Favored industrial elite • Jefferson • Opposed bank • Favored the common man • Whiskey Rebellion • French Revolution • Neutrality

18. Alexander Hamilton • Became Sec of the Treasury • Proposed • National bank • Excise Tax • Assumption of debt • Strongly opposed by Jefferson • Favored industrial economy & strong central government • Became head of the Federalist party. • Loose interpreter of the Constitution

19. Thomas Jefferson • Opposed Hamilton’s policies • He’ll become leader of the Republican party • Favored the common man. • Wanted agrarian society • Opposed the National Bank • Believed in state’s rights • Strict interpreter of the Constitution

20. Whiskey Rebellion • Hamilton wanted to repay nat’l debt following Rev. • Why? • In order to do so an excise tax on whiskey was passed. • Whiskey farmers revolted • Washington led 13,000 to stop rebellion and demonstrate federal gov’s strength

21. Washington Administration • Had to create gov

22. Adams Administration

23. Alien & Sedition Acts

24. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

25. Jefferson AdministrationJeffersonian Republicanism • Election of 1800 • Reduced the size of government • Gov became less formal • Madison v. Marbury • Louisiana Purchase • Lewis & Clark • Crisis with Britain & France at sea

26. Marbury v. Madison

27. Louisiana Purchase

28. Lewis & Clark

29. War of 1812

30. Nationalism & the Monroe Doctrine