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Chapter 1 Organization of the Body

Chapter 1 Organization of the Body. Scientific Method. Problem/Research Hypothesis Experiment Data (collection) Conclusion. What is Anatomy?. The study of the structure of an organism and its parts and the relationship between those parts. Cytology: The study of cells

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Chapter 1 Organization of the Body

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  1. Chapter 1Organization of the Body

  2. Scientific Method • Problem/Research • Hypothesis • Experiment • Data (collection) • Conclusion

  3. What is Anatomy? The study of the structure of an organism and its parts and the relationship between those parts. • Cytology: The study of cells • Histology: The study of Tissues What is Physiology? The study of how the body works.

  4. The characteristics of life • Responsiveness • Conductivity • Growth • Respiration • Digestion • Absorption • Secretion • Excretion • Circulation • Reproduction

  5. Levels of Organization In order from smallest to largest: • Atom • Molecule • Organelle • Cell • Tissue • Organ • Organ System • Organism

  6. Body Planes and Sectors • There are three: • The Sagittal Plane • The Frontal Plane • The Transverse Plane

  7. Somatotypes Categories of body build of physique • Once again, there are three: • Endomorph: A heavily rounded physique with an accumulation of fat. • Mesomorph: A muscular physique. • Ectomorph: A thin and often fragile physique.

  8. Homeostasis The body’s attempts to maintain equilibrium • The body will attempt to maintain a relatively constant state inside the body. • For example, humans sweat and shiver to control body temperature. • Negative feedback loop: The control systems attempt to inhibit whatever change is occurring. • Positive feedback loop: The control systems attempt to accelerate or amplify whatever change is occurring.

  9. Anatomical Position • This is the reference position.

  10. Body Cavities • Ventral Body Cavity • Thoracic Cavity • Abdominopelvic Cavity • Dorsal Body Cavity • Cranial Cavity • Spinal Cavity

  11. Body Regions • Axial • Appendicular

  12. Regions Abdominal

  13. Directional Terms Remember, the Anatomical position is the reference position. • Superior: Above • Inferior: Below • Anterior: Front (in front of) • Posterior: Behind • Medial: Middle • Lateral: To the side • Proximal: Closer to the center of the body • Distal: Away from the center of the body • Superficial: Closer to the surface of the skin • Deep: Deeper inside the body

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