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Module Summary. VPNs replace dedicated links with virtual point-to-point links on common infrastructure, reducing operating costs for customers. VPNs are categorized based on business need or connectivity requirement.
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Module Summary • VPNs replace dedicated links with virtual point-to-point links on common infrastructure, reducing operating costs for customers. • VPNs are categorized based on business need or connectivity requirement. • MPLS VPNs prepends RDs to make unique customer addresses, and forwards traffic based on RTs. • PE routers provide customer VPN routing and services through MP-BGP, while CE routers run standard IP routing protocols • Label stacking is used in forwarding packets across the MPLS VPN backbone.